Temperature, velocity and air entrainment of fire whirl plume: A comprehensive experimental investigation

Lei, Jiao; Liu, Naian; Zhang, Li Min; Satoh, Kohyu

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2014.08.017

Cited by 70 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This is further confirmed by particle image velocimetry (PIV) (Matsuyama et al 2004, Hassan et al 2005, Akhmetov et al 2007) and stereo-PIV measurements , Wang et al 2016. With respect to the vorticity field, other experimental results by Lei et al (2015b), conducted in a fixed-frame, four-walled enclosure, suggest that the fire whirl domain can be divided into three distinct regions: From the center of the whirl in the radial direction, these include the vortex core, the quasi-free vortex, and the near-wall regions. The first two vorticity zones were previously identified, whereas the near-wall zone forms due to the experimental configuration, according to Lei et al (2015b).…”

Section: Vorticity Fieldsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…With respect to the vorticity field, other experimental results by Lei et al (2015b), conducted in a fixed-frame, four-walled enclosure, suggest that the fire whirl domain can be divided into three distinct regions: From the center of the whirl in the radial direction, these include the vortex core, the quasi-free vortex, and the near-wall regions. The first two vorticity zones were previously identified, whereas the near-wall zone forms due to the experimental configuration, according to Lei et al (2015b). The near-wall zone is rich in vorticity, which conserves the vorticity content of the whirl column by imparting eddies of different scales into the whirl, primarily through the radial inflow boundary layer at the base.…”

Section: Vorticity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, some studies (Byram & Martin 1962, Hassan et al 2005 adopt the Rankine vortex model (Batchelor 1953(Batchelor , 2000Kundu et al 2004) to describe the velocity field of the fire whirl, whereas others (Chuah et al 2009;Kuwana et al 2011;Lei et al 2011Lei et al , 2015b report that the Burgers (1948) vortex model best fits their observations. Moreover, Chuah & Kushida (2007) used the Sullivan vortex model (Donaltson & Sullivan 1960) to describe the velocity components of the fire whirl.…”

Section: Vorticity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even though some studies (Hayashi et al 2011, Klimenko & Williams 2013 reported that the Burgers vortex model does not provide an adequate description for the radial distribution of the azimuthal velocity, the available evidence collectively suggests that the Burgers model is the best fit for a quasi-steady, on-source fire whirl (Lei et al 2015b, Hartl 2016, Wang et al 2016. Velocity profiles predicted and measured for the inner and outer structure of an on-source, stationary fire whirl.…”

Section: Vorticity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are two different mechanisms involved in damping turbulence in fire whirls: cyclostrophic force balance and radial density stratification. Accordingly, Lei et al (2015b) introduced two simpler definitions of Ri to discuss turbulence suppression. This is discussed in more detail in Section 5.4.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

Fire Whirls

Tohidi

Gollner

Xiao

2018

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Fire whirls present a powerful intensification of combustion, long studied in the fire research community because of the dangers they present during large urban and wildland fires. However, their destructive power has hidden many features of their formation, growth, and propagation. Therefore, most of what is known about fire whirls comes from scale modeling experiments in the laboratory. Both the methods of formation, which are dominated by wind and geometry, and the inner structure of the whirl, including velocity and temperature fields, have been studied at this scale. Quasi-steady fire whirls directly over a fuel source form the bulk of current experimental knowledge, although many other cases exist in nature. The structure of fire whirls has yet to be reliably measured at large scales; however, scaling laws have been relatively successful in modeling the conditions for formation from small to large scales. This review surveys the state of knowledge concerning the fluid dynamics of fire whirls, including the conditions for their formation, their structure, and the mechanisms that control their unique state. We highlight recent discoveries and survey potential avenues for future research, including using the properties of fire whirls for efficient remediation and energy generation.

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Section: Vorticity Fieldsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Vorticity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vorticity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vorticity Fieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fire Whirls

Tohidi

Gollner

Xiao

2018

Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech.

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Experimental studies on characteristics of fire whirl in a vertical shaft

Gao

et al. 2019

Fire and Materials

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Summary An internal fire whirl can be generated readily in a tall shaft model with appropriate gap width at one corner. Experimental study was carried out to investigate the relationship between the characteristics of an IFW and the corner gap width in a 9‐m‐tall vertical shaft model. The vertical shaft had a 2.1 m by 2.1 m square section with gasoline pool fire of different diameters burning inside. The gap width was varied to investigate its impact on fire whirl characteristics, such as flame development, swirling intensity, flame height, flame temperature, and heat release rate of the gasoline pool fire. Vigorous flame swirling motions were generated when the ratio of the gap width to the shaft section perimeter was within the range 0.16 to 0.21. From the flame streamline angle, it was observed that the swirling component was much stronger than buoyancy component near the bottom of burning region. The swirling component decreased and became roughly the same as buoyancy near the middle. Finally, it diminished to being much weaker than buoyancy near the top of the fire. These observations suggest that the Froude number Fr decreased from a large number to 1, and then continued to decrease to 0.

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Investigation of the thermal behavior effect of the surrounding material environment on the swirling flame structure

et al. 2020

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Summary This paper is focusing on the numerical simulation of a swirling flame, resulting from the interaction of multiple fires, evolving in a free and unlimited environment. A typical system, formed by a central fire source surrounded by four heat sources, is used. Since the thermal characteristic of the surrounding sources is the main engine for the rotation of flame, a detailed study is performed by varying the heating flux of these sources. This study shows that an increase of the heating flux of surrounding sources has as a result an intensification of the penetrating air puffs through the openings between the surrounding four heat sources. These puffs tangentially drive the central flame, thus producing a marked improvement on the angular momentum. Moreover, this study shows that the flame height is strongly affected by the flame rotation. Moreover, two different aspects of the flame height evolution are observed from the flow visualization and the thermal and dynamic fields for the different cases studied.

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Temperature, velocity and air entrainment of fire whirl plume: A comprehensive experimental investigation

Cited by 70 publications

References 26 publications

Fire Whirls

Fire Whirls

Experimental studies on characteristics of fire whirl in a vertical shaft

Investigation of the thermal behavior effect of the surrounding material environment on the swirling flame structure

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