Temperature variations of nasal endoscopes

Abstract

Patient safety is a preeminent concern for all procedures. Although the endoscope temperatures appear low risk for patient injury, the light cord itself creates extreme temperatures. It is important to monitor the endoscope and light cords for extreme temperatures to avoid patient injury.

Thermal effects of cold light sources used in otologic surgery

“…Since the tip of the endoscope is the warmest part of the device, it is recommended that care should be taken to keep the tip away from close contact with tissues [6][7][8][9]. The study by Tomazic et al [15] measured the temperature right by the side of the tip of a 4-mm endoscope; in the group where a Xenon light source was used, the temperature measured was as high as 91.5°C.…”

“…Another study concluded that otoendoscopes used in otologic surgery could increase the temperature in the lateral semicircular canal and cause vertigo [8]. Researchers also indicate that the heat generated by endoscopes is high enough to produce thermal damage [6,9].…”

“…Powerful light sources produce more heat, thus carry certain risks for serious complications, one of which is thermal burns on patients [6]. It has been demonstrated in laparoscopic surgery that even a brief direct contact of the endoscope with the tissue could induce burns [7].…”

Insulating and cooling effects of nasal endoscope sheaths and irrigation

“…Higher light source power and intensity lead to higher maximal scope tip temperatures. [2][3][4][5] Although using lower power light sources and reduced intensities may decrease scope tip temperatures, this comes at the expense of decreased illumination and intraoperative visualization. Light source manufacturers generally recommend using the lowest light source intensity that allows adequate illumination.…”

“…1 Other sources have shown that the tips of rigid nasal endoscopes can reach temperatures greater than 40°C, and therefore may lead to thermal tissue injury during endoscopic sinonasal surgery. [2][3][4] Scope irrigation sheaths are generally used to improve intraoperative visualization (Fig. 1).…”