Temperature sensitivity of C and N mineralization in temperate forest soils at low temperatures

Effects of Livestock Exclusion on Soil Physical and Biochemical Properties of a Desert Rangeland

“…In our results, activities of URE, AKP, CAT, and SAC were strongly positively correlated with SOC, MBC, and MBN (P<0.01). High levels of organic matter can enhance microbial activity through supplying suitable substrates for microorganisms [21,24], which in turn may stimulate soil enzyme synthesis. Also, experimental evidence obtained on the interactions between proteins and organic substances indicates that soil organic matter plays an important role in the enzyme immobilization in the soil by increasing the stability of soil enzymes and therefore the resistance to prote- Table 5.…”

“…Since soil enzyme activities may be sensitive to both natural and human-induced disturbances [22], they have been suggested as potential indicators of soil quality [23]. Several studies have indicated that heavy grazing can reduce soil microbial biomass and enzyme activities [18,24]. Thus, we studied soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in Alxa for a more comprehensive understanding of restoration mechanisms during desertification, and appropriate management and conservation of desertified sandy grassland of this wind erosion-prone region.…”

Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms: key players in the promotion of plant growth

“…At soil temperatures lower than 10 °C, the occurrence of ammonification instead of nitrification is greater (Emmer and Tietema, 1990). Due to the impact of different microbial communities on nitrification, the impact of temperature on the different soil horizons could be dissimilar (Schütt et al, 2014).…”

“…Additionally, microcosm experiments by Tourna et al (2008) demonstrated that the community structure of archaeal ammonia oxidizers heightened as the incubation temperatures increased. In high-latitude and altitude ecosystems, the processes of the cold season significantly contribute to the annual mineralization of nitrogen in the soil (Schütt et al, 2014). Although autotrophic nitrifying bacteria do not thrive at cold temperatures (Cookson et al, 2002), the microbial activity in the soil can give a satisfactory record of net nitrogen mineralization (30 -50%) throughout the year since microorganisms remain physiologically active in unfrozen water films (Kielland et al, 2006).…”

“…However, Schütt et al (2014) reported the observation of gross nitrification at low temperatures (-4 -8 °C), suggesting that nitrifying microorganisms are functional at such temperatures.…”