Temperature‐sensitive aspects of evoked and spontaneous transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction.

Barrett, Ellen F.; Barrett, John N.; Botz, D; Chang, Dar-Lon; Mahaffey, D

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012343

Cited by 58 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In contrast to the results on evoked release, the rate of spontaneous ACh release was markedly reduced by lowering the temperature (see Figure 1, legend), confirming observations made by Barrett et al (1978) in the frog cutaneous pectoris nerve-muscle preparation.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…Figure 1, which illustrates an experiment made in normal Ca solution after formamide treatment, provides support for this contention. In Figure 1, whilst the predicted changes in the kinetics of the e.p.ps (a) and the m.e.p.ps (b and c) are evident as the temperature is varied between 8 and 20°C (del Castillo & Machne, 1953;Li & Gouras, 1958;Katz & Miledi, 1965;Jensen, 1972;Barrett et al, 1978), the ratio of the mean e.p.p. to the mean m.e.p.p.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In contrast, a predominantly physicochemical process such as the evoked release of acetylcholine (Parsegian, 1977) may not be greatly altered in the temperature range expected to inhibit the G protein/adenylate cyclase system (see e.g. Jensen, 1972;Barrett et al, 1978 Figure 3) and in favour of mediation through second messengers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The effect of reduced temperature on the inhibitory action of adenosine and magnesium ion at frog motor nerve terminals

Silinsky

Hirsh

1988

British J Pharmacology

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Illinois 60611, U.S.A. 1 A study was made to exclude the notion that adenosine receptor agonists exert a direct physical blockade of the depolarization-secretion process. Reduced temperature was employed as a tool for distinguishing between physico-chemical processes (such as those which mediate evoked transmitter release) and biochemical mechanisms (such as those which involve second messenger substances) in the action of adenosine. Adenosine and 2-chloroadenosine were used as agonists in this electrophysiological study of the release of acetylcholine (ACh) from frog motor nerve terminals. 2 The ability of these two adenosine receptor activators to reduce neurally-evoked ACh release was prevented or greatly attenuated by maintaining the preparation at temperatures between 5 and 10°C. Such low temperatures inhibit the activation of receptors coupled to second messengers via guanine nucleotide binding proteins (e.g. adenylate cyclase). Low temperature alone did not substantially alter evoked ACh secretion under the conditions of these experiments. 3 Inhibition of evoked ACh release by the extracellular Ca antagonist Mg, which acts directly to block Ca channels, was not affected by low temperature. 4 The results are consistent with the hypothesis that a temperature-sensitive second messenger system controls the intracellular events linked to extracellular adenosine receptor activation.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The effect of reduced temperature on the inhibitory action of adenosine and magnesium ion at frog motor nerve terminals

Silinsky

Hirsh

1988

British J Pharmacology

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“…Possible nonspecific means by which light could enhance release, for which we did control experiments, include increased temperature (24), adsorption ofGABA to the tissue surface and subsequent release by light or K+, and increased leakiness ofthe cell membrane. Increased temperature seems unlikely from the following observations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mammalian cerebral cortical tissue responds to low-intensity visible light.

Wade

Taylor

Siekevitz

1988

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Low levels of visible light directed onto slices of rat cerebral cortical tissue enhanced net potassium-induced release of the neurotransmjtter y-aminobutyric acid (GABA) from these brain slices. At higher light intensity, net potassiuminduced release was suppressed. These effects were apparently not from increased temperature. The amount of light enhancing this neurotransmitter release is approximately equal to the amount of light that can penetrate the head and reach the brain at the intensities of sunlight; this was determined by measuring the light entering the rat head through fur, scalp, skull, and dura mater and considering several natural lighting conditions. These results suggest that ambient light may be sufficient to alter the release of transmitters from mammalian cerebral cortex in vivo.

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“…The propagation mechanism of excitation in the nerve-muscle junction is known to be chemical transmission, where transmitter substances at synapses are released from the synaptic vesicles accumulated within the nerve endings (Katz, 1996), and the effects of various factors on nerve propagation have been reported; for example, the dependence of transmission efficiency on temperature (Adams, 1989;Balnave and Gage, 1974;Barrett et al, 1978;Barrett and Stevens, 1972;Barton and Cohen, 1982;Katz and Miledi, 1965;Molgo and Van der Kloot, 1991;Van der Kloot and Cohen, 1984) and on muscle length Grinnell, 1995, 1997;Fatt and Katz, 1952;Hutter and Trautwein, 1956;Ruff, 1996Ruff, , 2003Turkanis, 1973;Ypey et al, 1974;Ypey and Anderson, 1977). Most experiments, however, have been performed under conditions where muscle movement was inhibited by a blocker such as curare or by specific ionic conditions, and the mechanical We investigated the mechanism of the enhancement of twitch force by stretch and the effects of temperature on it in nerve-skeletal muscle preparations of whole iliofibularis muscles isolated from the frog Rana brevipoda.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enhancement of twitch force by stretch in a nerve-skeletal muscle preparation of the frogRana porosa brevipodaand the effects of temperature on it

Ishii

Watari

Tsuchiya

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY We investigated the mechanism of the enhancement of twitch force by stretch and the effects of temperature on it in nerve-skeletal muscle preparations of whole iliofibularis muscles isolated from the frog Rana brevipoda. When a preparation was stimulated indirectly and stretched, the twitch force after the stretch was enhanced remarkably in comparison to that observed before a stretch at low temperature. The enhanced force obtained by a stretch of 20% resting muscle length (l0) at low temperature was as high as the force obtained by direct stimulation. The phenomenon was not dependent on the velocity but on the amplitude of stretch. The enhanced force obeyed the length-force relationship when a stretch was long enough. The above results were observed when the frogs were kept at room temperature(20-22°C). Measurements were also taken at low temperature (4°C); when frogs were kept at low temperature for more than 2 months, twitch force obtained without stretch was considerably higher at l0. The amplitude of the action potential recorded extracellularly from the muscle surface increased remarkably after a stretch, but was same before and after a stretch when recorded from the nerve innervating muscle. The effects of temperature on twitch and tetanic force by direct or indirect stimulation without stretch were also studied as basic data of the stretch experiment. The results from this study suggest that stretch-induced force enhancement in a nerve-muscle preparation is caused by an increase in the transmission rate between nerve and muscle, and the amplitude of the enhanced force is determined by the length-force relationship of the muscle. The phenomenon is also strongly affected by the temperature at which the frogs are kept.

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Temperature‐sensitive aspects of evoked and spontaneous transmitter release at the frog neuromuscular junction.

Cited by 58 publications

References 39 publications

The effect of reduced temperature on the inhibitory action of adenosine and magnesium ion at frog motor nerve terminals

The effect of reduced temperature on the inhibitory action of adenosine and magnesium ion at frog motor nerve terminals

Mammalian cerebral cortical tissue responds to low-intensity visible light.

Enhancement of twitch force by stretch in a nerve-skeletal muscle preparation of the frogRana porosa brevipodaand the effects of temperature on it

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