Vegetation coverage is one of the important indexes to evaluate the growth of soil surface vegetation, which has a great impact on regional ecological environment. Taking the Yellow River Delta as the study area, this paper analyzed the vegetation coverage change and its influencing factors by using Landsat sensing images in 2005, 2013 and 2020 as well as meteorological and population data of the study area in relevant statistical yearbooks. The results showed that: (1) From 2005 to 2020, the mean vegetation coverage in the Yellow River Delta increased from 0.49 to 0.55, showing an obvious upward trend on the whole. (2) Climate factors and human activities have a great influence on the change of vegetation coverage. The vegetation coverage in the study area increased in 2020, mainly due to rising temperature, increasing sunshine duration, precipitation and the establishment of national nature reserves. The influencing factors of vegetation coverage change in the Yellow River Delta are analyzed in this paper, which can provide scientific basis for promoting vegetation restoration and ecological civilization development in this region.