Temperature Requirements and Biogeography of Antarctic, Arctic and Amphiequatorial Seaweeds

Wiencke, Christian; Bartsch, [No Value]; Bischoff, B.; Af, Peters; Breeman, Anneke M.

doi:10.1515/botm.1994.37.3.247

Cited by 108 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…While macroalgae from Antarctica are exposed to low temperatures for almost 14 million years (Wiencke et al 1994), and diatoms even longer (Barron 1993), species from the Arctic have experienced these environmental conditions for a much shorter period of only 3.5 million years, which explains the high degree of endemism in phototrophic organisms from Antarctic in contrast to the low endemism rates in Arctic waters. Particularly endemic algae have evolved various physiological and biochemical adaptations to low temperatures (Wiencke et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly endemic algae have evolved various physiological and biochemical adaptations to low temperatures (Wiencke et al 1994). While the Antarctic benthic diatom taxa investigated by Longhi et al (2003) are characterised as endemic species, which well explains the low temperature demands for growth, the respective information on both strains from the Arctic is still missing due to some unresolved taxonomic problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature and light requirements for growth of two diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from an Arctic macroalga

et al. 2005

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In the present study, two abundant epiphytic diatom taxa were isolated from the assimilation hairs of the brown macroalga Chordaria flagelliformis collected in the Arctic Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Norway), established as unialgal cultures and their growth rates determined under controlled photon fluence rate and temperature conditions. Using morphological (light and scanning electron microscopy) and SSU rRNA gene data both isolates (ROS D99 and ROS D125) were identified as members of a Fragilaria-Synedropsis clade. The molecular data of ROS D99 and ROS D125 were not identical to any other published sequence. While ROS D99 has been identified as Fragilaria barbararum mainly due to the SEM characteristics, ROS D125 could not be definitely identified although morphological data speak for Fragilaria striatula. Both diatom species showed similar growth rates at all temperatures and photon fluence rates tested. They grew well between 0 and 15°C with optimum temperatures of 12-14°C, but did not survive 20°C. Therefore, compared to Antarctic diatoms both taxa from Kongsfjorden can be characterised as eurythermal organisms. Increasing photon fluence rates between 2 and 15 lmol m À2 s À1 were accompanied with an almost twofold increase in growth rates, but photon fluence rates >15 lmol m À2 s À1 did not further enhance growth pointing to low light requirements. From these data optimum, minimum and maximum photon fluence rates and temperatures for growth can be assessed indicating that both diatoms are well acclimated to the fluctuating environmental conditions in the Arctic habitat.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature and light requirements for growth of two diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from an Arctic macroalga

et al. 2005

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“…There are, however, very few studies analysing trends with latitude in separate hemispheres, even using the simple technique here of dividing data into 20° bins (Chown et al 2004). There are studies that have shown diVerent patterns of organism characteristics in the two hemispheres, including a range of insect physiological attributes (Chown et al 2004), upper survival temperatures in marine algae (Wiencke et al 1994), and temperature tolerances in marine invertebrates (Richard, pers. comm.).…”

Section: Size Variation With Latitude and Depthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variation in size of living articulated brachiopods with latitude and depth

Peck

Harper

2010

Mar Biol

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Geographical variations in animal characters are one of the main subjects for study in macroecology. Variation with latitude has received special interest. Articulated brachiopods are possibly the commonest macrofossil with large variations in size of taxa through the fossil record. Here, we investigate trends in size of the 3 main orders of articulated brachiopod with latitude and depth. Data were insuYcient to identify patterns in Thecideida (a micromorph taxon only recorded from low latitudes). Rhynchonellida had no clear trends in size with latitude or depth. Terebratulida exhibited hemispheric diVerences in size relations, with increasing length of species towards the pole in the south and no signiWcant trend in the north. Tropical species were small (<20 mm length between 10°N and 10°S), and the largest species were found between 30° and 60° latitude in both hemispheres. There were no articulated brachiopods recorded from the high arctic, and support for a continuous trend in size with latitude was small or absent. In Terebratulida, there was a signiWcant decrease in species length with depth of 1.7 mm per 100 m depth increase. These trends could be explained by competition for space and reduced availability of habitat with progressive depth beyond the continental shelf.

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“…Molecular studies indicate that the biogeographic disjunctions of these species are recent and probably date back to the maximum of the Wü rm/Wisconsin glaciation 18,00 years ago (van Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol Oppen et al 1993). The units of dispersal were certainly the microscopic stages in the life cycle because they are more resistant to high temperatures allowing the possibility of a passage through the tropics during times of lowered water temperatures (Peters and Breeman 1992;Wiencke et al 1994;Bischoff and Wiencke 1995a).…”

Section: Biodiversity Biogeographical Relationships and Vertical Dismentioning

confidence: 99%

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

Wiencke

Clayton

Gómez

et al. 2006

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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136

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Polar seaweeds are strongly adapted to the low temperatures of their environment, Antarctic species more strongly than Arctic species due to the longer cold water history of the Antarctic region. By reason of the strong isolation of the Southern Ocean the Antarctic marine flora is characterized by a high degree of endemism, whereas in the Arctic only few endemic species have been found so far. All polar species are strongly shade adapted and their phenology is finely tuned to the strong seasonal changes of the light conditions. The paper summarises the present knowledge of seaweeds from both polar regions with regard to the following topics: the history of seaweed research in polar regions; the environment of seaweeds in polar waters; biodiversity, biogeographical relationships and vertical distribution of Arctic and Antarctic seaweeds; life histories and physiological thallus anatomy; temperature demands and geographical distribution; light demands and depth zonation; the effect of salinity, temperature and desiccation on supraand eulittoral seaweeds; seasonality of reproduction and the physiological characteristics of C. Wiencke (&) AE U. H. Lü der

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Temperature Requirements and Biogeography of Antarctic, Arctic and Amphiequatorial Seaweeds

Cited by 108 publications

References 39 publications

Temperature and light requirements for growth of two diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from an Arctic macroalga

Temperature and light requirements for growth of two diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) isolated from an Arctic macroalga

Variation in size of living articulated brachiopods with latitude and depth

Life strategy, ecophysiology and ecology of seaweeds in polar waters

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