Temperature-related absorption and excretion of oxolinic acid in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Pharmacokinetic Study of Florfenicol in Healthy and Vibriosis-infectedPseudosciaena croceaafter Oral Administration

“…The drug concentration in the liver declined, eventually peaking H: healthy; D: diseased; A and B: intercepts of the two phases; α and β: the rate constants of the distribution and elimination phases; K a : absorption rate constant; K 10 : the elimination rate constant from the central compartment; K 12 : the first-order rate constant of transporting from central to periphery compartment; K 21 : the first-order rate constant of transporting from periphery to central compartment; T 1/2α and T 1/2β : half-lives of the two phases; T 1/ 2Ka : half-lives of the absorption; C max : the peak concentration of a drug after administration; T peak: time to reach the maximum concentration; AUC: the area under the curve to infinity; CLs: total body clearance; Vd: volume of distribution at steady-state after 10 h oral administration owing to enterohepatic circulation. This phenomenon was also reported in rainbow trout and sea bass (Bjorklund et al, 1992;Intorre et al, 2000). After drug concentrations in the liver peaked, its distribution and levels in other tissues, especially the kidneys, increased.…”

Influence of oxytetracycline and oxolinic acid on the immune response of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

“…The pharmacokinetics of OA in rainbow trout is faster; the elimination half-life from serum is 1 day and within 10 days the drug is eliminated from the serum at 16 C (Björklund & Bylund, 1992). However, OTC is accumulated and retained in scales, bone tissue and in the pronephros, an important lymphoid organ of fish (Grondel, 1987b), and OA reaches high concentrations in the kidney of rainbow trout where the elimination rate is much slower than from serum (Björklund & Bylund, 1992).…”

“…In the present experiment the water temperature was 13 C. Interpolated from the results by Björklund & Bylund (1990, 1992, the drugs should have been eliminated from the serum of the test fish between 15 (OA) and 25 (OTC) days after the last drug dose. It is apparent that the drugs tested in the present work induced a suppressive e#ect on some immune parameters for weeks and even for months after they were eliminated from the serum of the fish.…”

Multiple dose pharmacokinetic study of oxolinic acid in cod, Gadus morhua L.

“…The majority of laboratory studies reporting administration of therapeutants at different temperatures used a single oral dose which was force fed to the fish in the absence (Bjørklund and Bylund 1990;Kleinow et al 1994;Sohlberg et al 1994;Rigos et al 2002) or in the presence of feed (Ueno et al 1988;Bjørklund et al 1992). Kleinow et al (1994) investigated the pharmacokinetic properties of oxolinic acid in channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) at freshwater temperatures of 14 and 24°C and reported that clearance, elimination half-life, oral bioavailability and distribution to muscle were temperature dependent.…”