Temperature regulation in healthy and resuscitated newborns immediately after birth

Schubring, C.

doi:10.1515/jpme.1986.14.1.27

Cited by 20 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Immediately after birth the newborn is already able to react to cold stress by an increase of thermogenesis via increased uptake of oxygen [30]. This reaction results from the activation of nonshivering thermogenesis mediated by the brown adipose tissue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Longitudinal Analysis of Maternal Serum Leptin Levels during Pregnancy, at Birth and Up To Six Weeks after Birth: Relation to Body Mass Index, Skinfolds, Sex Steroids and Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin Levels

Schubring¹,

et al. 1998

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Leptin is an important regulator of body fat mass and energy expenditure during adult life. The mechanisms by which maternal and fetal weight are regulated during pregnancy are poorly understood. In order to gain more insight into a potential role of leptin during gestation, a prospective, longitudinal study was carried out to measure leptin concentrations in maternal serum of 29 healthy women during pregnancy up to 6 weeks after birth and also in umbilical cord blood of their newborns. Leptin concentrations were measured using a specific RIA. In addition, estradiol, testosterone, and sex hormone binding globulin were determined using commercially available RIAs. The mothers’ skinfolds were determined at four sites using a Holtain caliper.Leptin levels increased continuously during pregnancy and reached 25.8 ± 14.7 ng/ml at 38–40 weeks. At birth, leptin concentrations were 23.5 ± 15.4 ng/ml. Three days after delivery a significant decrease of leptin levels to 10.6 ± 6.0 ng/ml was observed. Six weeks after birth the leptin concentration in maternal serum was 13.8 ± 8.6 ng/ml. At birth, maternal serum levels were significantly higher than levels in cord blood and did not correlate with leptin levels in cord blood or neonatal weight. Furthermore, leptin levels did not correlate with maternal sex steroids and sex hormone binding globulin levels. At 6–8 weeks of pregnancy, maternal leptin serum levels correlated significantly with BMI (r = 0.81). The correlation coefficients (leptin vs. BMI) dropped with increasing gestational age and at birth only a poor correlation persisted (r = 0.50). Six weeks after birth there was again a high correlation between leptin levels in maternal serum and BMI (r = 0.76). Subscapular skinfold thickness was correlated to leptin concentrations in maternal serum during the whole period of the investigation.In conclusion, maternal leptin levels continuously increased from 6–8 weeks up to 38–40 weeks of pregnancy. Maternal leptin levels decreased dramatically after birth. Six weeks after delivery, leptin levels were comparable to the values measured at the beginning of pregnancy. We hypothesize that leptin might play an important role during pregnancy and fetal development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…High leptin levels in the newborn may stimulate the sympathetic nervous system innervating the brown adipose tissue. Thereby the newborn is protected from cold stress after delivery [30]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Analysis of Maternal Serum Leptin Levels during Pregnancy, at Birth and Up To Six Weeks after Birth: Relation to Body Mass Index, Skinfolds, Sex Steroids and Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin Levels

Schubring¹,

et al. 1998

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“…BAT-dependent thermogenesis is highly efficient in newborn humans and rodents and a great deal of research has focused on this tissue leading to a clear understanding of its mechanism of heat production (Dawkins & Scopes, 1965; Heim & Hull, 1966; Heim et al , 1968; Jenkinson, Noble & Thompson, 1968; Knight & Myant, 1970; Alexander et al , 1975; Lean & James, 1983; Lean et al , 1986; Schubring, 1986; Slebodzinski, 1988; Houstek et al , 1993; Zancanaro et al , 1995; Enerback et al , 1997; Blumberg, Deaver & Kirby, 1999). Support for the existence of BAT-independent NST is provided by the following observations: ( i ) the transition from ectothermy to endothermy did not depend on the evolution of BAT, and ( ii ) secondly, BAT is not a characteristic trait of all endotherms (see above and Figs 2 and 3) (Grigg et al , 2004).…”

Section: Non-shivering Thermogenic Origins In Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

The role of skeletal‐muscle‐based thermogenic mechanisms in vertebrate endothermy

2014

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Thermogenesis is one of the most important homeostatic mechanisms that evolved during vertebrate evolution. Despite its importance for the survival of the organism, the mechanistic details behind various thermogenic processes remain incompletely understood. Although heat production from muscle has long been recognized as a thermogenic mechanism, whether muscle can produce heat independently of contraction remains controversial. Studies in birds and mammals suggest that skeletal muscle can be an important site of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) and can be recruited during cold adaptation, although unequivocal evidence is lacking. Much research on thermogenesis during the last two decades has been focused on brown adipose tissue (BAT). These studies clearly implicate BAT as an important site of NST in mammals, in particular in newborns and rodents. However, BAT is either absent, as in birds and pigs, or is only a minor component, as in adult large mammals including humans, bringing into question the BAT-centric view of thermogenesis. This review focuses on the evolution and emergence of various thermogenic mechanisms in vertebrates from fish to man. A careful analysis of the existing data reveals that muscle was the earliest facultative thermogenic organ to emerge in vertebrates, long before the appearance of BAT in eutherian mammals. Additionally, these studies suggest that muscle-based thermogenesis is the dominant mechanism of heat production in many species including birds, marsupials, and certain mammals where BAT-mediated thermogenesis is absent or limited. We discuss the relevance of our recent findings showing that uncoupling of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) by sarcolipin (SLN), resulting in futile cycling and increased heat production, could be the basis for NST in skeletal muscle. The overall goal of this review is to highlight the role of skeletal muscle as a thermogenic organ and provide a balanced view of thermogenesis in vertebrates.

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“…Other authors found that the oxygen consumption of a group of asphyxiated infants (Apgar scores 1-7 at 1 and 5 min) was lower than that of non-asphyxiated infants when examined at room temperature (24°C) and remained lower for at least 72 h [21]. When challenged with a 1-hour fall in environmental temperature there was a rise in oxygen consumption in most asphyxiated infants, but not to the magnitude seen in normal infants exposed to the same challenge, suggesting that oxygen consumption was lower than expected in the asphyxiated infants and possibly explaining a persistently low temperature in the first 24 h. Similarly, Schubring [22] showed that when the oxygen consumption and temperatures of 13 resuscitated infants (with Apgar scores <7) were compared with 31 term infants with normal Apgar scores, a significant difference in the oxygen consumption was noted until 130 min and in rectal temperature until 75 min.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Hypothermia after Hypoxic Ischaemic Delivery

Jayasinghe¹

2015

Neonatology

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The focus of this review is to collate the literature on the phenomenon of impaired thermal adaptation after hypoxic ischaemic (HI) delivery often culminating in hypothermia. This phenomenon appears different in severity and duration to a spontaneous postnatal fall in temperature observed after normal delivery. The original observation and contemporary descriptions of the temperature response to HI are described and a mechanism of action is proposed that may be utilised as a novel biomarker for HI.

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Temperature regulation in healthy and resuscitated newborns immediately after birth

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Longitudinal Analysis of Maternal Serum Leptin Levels during Pregnancy, at Birth and Up To Six Weeks after Birth: Relation to Body Mass Index, Skinfolds, Sex Steroids and Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin Levels

Longitudinal Analysis of Maternal Serum Leptin Levels during Pregnancy, at Birth and Up To Six Weeks after Birth: Relation to Body Mass Index, Skinfolds, Sex Steroids and Umbilical Cord Blood Leptin Levels

The role of skeletal‐muscle‐based thermogenic mechanisms in vertebrate endothermy

Innate Hypothermia after Hypoxic Ischaemic Delivery

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