Temperature Regulation and Climatic Adaptation in Black-Billed and Yellow-Billed Magpies

Hayworth, Anita M.; Weathers, Wesley W.

doi:10.2307/1367336

Cited by 49 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Oxygen consumption during resting trials at night and in the postabsorbtive state has been equated to RMR (basal metabolic rate (BMR)). The lower critical temperature of American magpies is 21°C (Hayworth and Weathers 1984), which suggests a slight subthermoneutrality in our estimates. The lower critical temperatures of Spanish magpies and great spotted cuckoos are unknown, but we assume a fairly small thermoregulatory cost in our measurements, which allows interspecific comparisons to be made.…”

Section: Indirect Calorimetry Trialsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Begging behaviour and its energetic cost in great spotted cuckoo and magpie host chicks

Soler¹,

Soler²,

Martı́nez³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Zool.

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Begging is one of the main factors governing food delivery to chicks by adult birds and it is of great importance in studies of biological communication theory. Many theoretical models have been proposed to explain the evolution of this noisy and conspicuous behaviour, all of which assume that begging activity is energetically costly. We show that both great spotted cuckoo (Clamator glandarius) brood-parasitic chicks and magpie (Pica pica) host chicks ceased to beg after ingesting enough food, and that great spotted cuckoo chicks emitted more begging calls and begged for much longer than did magpie chicks. Using the doubly labelled water method to measure the daily energy expenditure of begging and nonbegging chicks in the laboratory, we show that begging behaviour consumes only a small quantity of oxygen compared with other avian activities usually assumed to be energetically costly.Résumé : La sollicitation est l'un des principaux facteurs qui contrôlent l'apport de nourriture aux poussins par les oiseaux adultes et ce facteur a une grande importance dans les études théoriques de la communication biologique. Un grand nombre de modèles théoriques ont été proposés pour expliquer ce comportement manifeste et bruyant et tous les modèles supposent au départ que la sollicitation est une activité coûteuse du point de vue énergétique. Nous démontrons ici que les poussins du Coucou geai (Clamator glandarius) parasites dans les nids de la Pie bavarde (Pica pica), de même que les poussins de la Pie, cessent de solliciter lorsqu'ils sont rassasiés; les jeunes coucous émettent plus de cris de sollicitation et crient plus longtemps que les jeunes pies. En utilisant la méthode de l'eau doublement marquée pour mesurer la dépense énergétique quotidienne chez des poussins solliciteurs et des poussins non solliciteurs en laboratoire, nous démontrons que le comportement de sollicitation ne consomme qu'une petite quantité d'oxygène comparativement à d'autres activités des oiseaux reconnues pour leur coût énergétique élevé.[Traduit par la Rédaction] 1800 Soler et al.

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Section: Indirect Calorimetry Trialsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Begging behaviour and its energetic cost in great spotted cuckoo and magpie host chicks

Soler¹,

Soler²,

Martı́nez³

et al. 1999

Can. J. Zool.

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“…Within the past few decades, however, the physiological basis for these patterns has gained prominence in the literature. Researchers have approached this topic from a variety of perspectives, including ecology (Richter et al 1997;Weathers and Greene 1998), behavior (Cooper 1999;Wolf 2000), geographic variation in seasonal acclimatization (O'Connor 1996), and biogeography (Hayworth and Weathers 1984;Root 1988a;Cooper 1997). In general, these studies have shown that energy constraints and physiological adaptation are crucial to species' distributions at different scales, ranging from local habitat selection (Weathers and Greene 1998) to continentwide range boundaries (Root 1988a).…”

Section: The Importance Of Physiology: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Hayworth and Weathers (1984) showed that temperature regulation and climatic adaptation in black-billed (Pica hudsonia) and yellow-billed (P. nuttalli) magpies, two allopatric sister species (American Ornithologists' Union 2000), act directly to restrict their distributions to distinctive climatic regimes. Similarly, studies on sympatric but nonsister species of parids (Baeolophus and Poecile) have shown that physiological differences are important in determining habitat selection, behavior, and northern range limits (Weathers and Greene 1998;Cooper 1999Cooper , 2000.…”

Section: The Importance Of Physiology: Implications For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the geographic ranges of sister taxa do not always reflect ecological differences on the time scale of speciation (Peterson et al 1999), segregation into distinctive vegetationclimate zones clearly plays a role in dictating patterns of distribution and speciation in some closely related groups (e.g., sibling species of Empidonax flycatchers; Johnson and Cicero 2002). In addition, differences in temperature regulation can have a direct role in separating sister species into allopatric ranges (Hayworth and Weathers 1984). Finally, the relative importance of evolutionary versus ecological factors at the border of species' ranges will depend on the strength of environmental gradients (Case and Taper 2000).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Barriers to Sympatry Between Avian Sibling Species (Paridae: Baeolophus) in Local Secondary Contact

Cicero¹

2004

Evolution

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Abstract. Range limits and secondary contact zones often occur at ecotones between major associations of habitat and climate. Therefore, understanding processes that limit sympatry between species in such areas provides an important framework for testing biogeographic and evolutionary hypotheses. Theoretical and empirical work has shown that the evolution of species borders is influenced by a complexity of factors, including gene flow from central to peripheral populations and the ability of species to adapt locally to environmental conditions. However, few studies have used bioclimatic models, combined with molecular and morphological data, to predict geographic range limits in the context of gene flow across a secondary contact zone. In this study, I applied these methods to test specific hypotheses about barriers to sympatry between closely related species where they approach and contact each other. Specifically, I examined the importance of historical isolation, local adaptation, and symmetry of gene flow in limiting sympatry and range expansion of ecologically distinct species across environmental gradients. Molecular (mitochondrial DNA, allozymes), morphological, and bioclimatic data were obtained for two avian sibling species (Baeolophus inornatus and B. ridgwayi) that exist in recent, narrow secondary contact in northern California. These species are broadly allopatric and occupy rangewide associations of oak and pinyon-juniper woodlands, respectively, although B. inornatus also inhabits mixed or juniper woodlands locally. Patterns of molecular variation generally were congruent with morphological and bioclimatic data, and support prior evidence for a history of isolation, adaptation, and divergence in distinctive, species-specific vegetation-climate associations. However, molecular and morphological clines fall east of the limit of oaks, and individuals of B. inornatus in this juniper-associated contact zone experience bioclimates that are more similar to B. ridgwayi than to B. inornatus in oak habitat. Thus, B. inornatus is able to adapt and expand locally into the range of its close relative, but not vice versa. These data support the hypothesis that gene flow is asymmetrical where peripheral populations meet at range boundaries. Physiological differences between species may play an important role in influencing these patterns. Empirical studies that highlight the importance of local adaptation and patterns of gene flow in which closely related species contact across ecotones are central to understanding limits on geographic ranges, sympatry, and introgression-a cornerstone of biogeographic and speciation theory.

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“…Yet, whole animal BMR of Cape white-eyes was higher in winter than in summer, contrary to the expected result of increased BMR during the moult period (Schieltz and Murphy 1997). The direction and magnitude of seasonal adjustments in avian BMR are known to vary with Mb (Smit et al 2008;Dawson 2003;Hayworth and Weathers 1984;McKechnie 2008;Swanson and Weinacht 1997). In areas where winters are severe, small birds (<200 g) generally up-regulate their RMR and BMR in winter as a cold defence mechanism (Dawson 2003;Smit and McKechnie 2010;Weathers and Caccamise 1978;Zheng et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

The effects of long-term captivity on the metabolic parameters of a small Afrotropical bird

2015

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The few within-species studies on the effects of long-term captivity on avian physiological variables have small samples sizes and contradictory results. Nevertheless, many physiological studies make use of long-term captive birds, assuming the results will be applicable to wild populations. Here we investigated the effects of long-term captivity on a variety of physiological measurements in a relatively small (~12 g) southern African endemic bird, the Cape white-eye (Zosterops virens). Whole animal basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass (Mb) were influenced more by long-term captivity than by season, while mass-specific BMR, standard and basal whole animal and mass-specific evaporative water loss (EWL), and respiratory quotient (RQ), were all affected primarily by season, with long-term captivity having less of an effect. We therefore caution that whole animal BMR and Mb of long-term captive birds should not be used as representative of wild populations, and that the origin of study birds should be considered when comparing EWL and RQ of wild and long-term captive birds.

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Temperature Regulation and Climatic Adaptation in Black-Billed and Yellow-Billed Magpies

Cited by 49 publications

References 11 publications

Begging behaviour and its energetic cost in great spotted cuckoo and magpie host chicks

Begging behaviour and its energetic cost in great spotted cuckoo and magpie host chicks

Barriers to Sympatry Between Avian Sibling Species (Paridae: Baeolophus) in Local Secondary Contact

The effects of long-term captivity on the metabolic parameters of a small Afrotropical bird

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