Temperature-programmed pyrolysis hyphenated with metastable atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry (TPPy/MAB-MS) for the identification of additives in polymers

Abstract

Thermoanalytical techniques are currently used for the analysis of additives contained in polymers that cannot be easily dissolved, extracted, or hydrolyzed. With these techniques, the polymers are heated to liberate the additives trapped in the polymer matrix. If the polymer is heated slowly, up to its thermal degradation, the technique is called temperature-programmed pyrolysis (TPPy). For TPPy experiments, mass spectrometry is generally used as the detection method. The ionization sources commonly used in mass spectrometry, such as CI and EI, can cause fragmentation during the ionization process. Fragmentation decreases the sensitivity of the molecular ions and increases the risks of interferences with the compounds coming from the matrix. An energy-tunable ionization technique, called metastable atom bombardment (MAB), is proposed for TPPy/MS experiments. With this ionization source, the energy of ionization depends on the metastable gas used. With low-energy metastable gases such as Xe or N 2 , fragmentation is reduced compared to CI, whereas with medium-energy metastable gases such as Ar or Kr, the fragmentation is similar to that observed with CI. TPPy/MAB-MS was performed on an unknown polyurethane-based car paint. The detection of molecular ions and characteristic fragments with MAB(N 2 ) led to the identification of two light stabilizers: Bis (1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinyl)sebacate (BPPS) and 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-4,6-di-tert-pentylphenol (PTPP). Using MAB(Ar) to simulate CI, the molecular ion and one of the two characteristic fragments of BPPS were not detected, thus confirming the advantage of using MAB(N 2 ) ionization for TPPy/MS experiments. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2004, 15, 1315-1319

Instrumental improvements and sample preparations that enable reproducible, reliable acquisition of mass spectra from whole bacterial cells

“…The mass spectrometer used in this study was an AccuTOF‐DART (Direct Analysis in Real Time) manufactured by JEOL USA, Inc. (Peabody, MA, USA). DART sample ionization is based on metastable atom bombardment (MAB) . The manufacturer suggests inserting a sample holder containing the analyte into the sample introduction chamber between the DART ion gun and ion entrance orifice for analysis of organic compounds.…”

Development of Sniffing Atmospheric Pressure Penning Ionization

“…The formation mechanism for this ion is not well understood. One possible source for this ion may be ion/molecule reactions in which the internally excited C 6 …”

“…They further studied on the mass isotopomers abundance mass spectrometry of methyl palmitate and polychloroalkanes. 5), 6) Ionization methods that operate under atmospheric pressure, such as electrospray, and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI) are now indispensable for measuring nonvolatile organic compounds, and they provide useful interfaces for liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). These methods, however, have several disadvantages; less sensitive for less polar compounds (e.g., hydrocarbons and organometallic compounds) and a limitation in the use of solvent.…”

Characterization of additives of PVAc and acrylic waterborne dispersions and paints by analytical pyrolysis–GC–MS and pyrolysis–silylation–GC–MS

“…Py-GC-MS has also been used for the study of the thermal decomposition of hindered amine light stabilizers as well as liquid chromatography-ultraviolet absorbance detection-evaporative light scattering detection [34,35]. Temperature-programmed pyrolysis hyphenated with metastable atom bombardment ionization mass spectrometry has also been used to detect light stabilizers in car paints [36].…”