Temperature profile and melt depth in laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy

Criales, Luis E.; Özel, Tuğrul

doi:10.1007/s40964-017-0029-8

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Moreover, heat transfer mechanism, geometry and positioning of samples have a strong in uence on the temperature gradients experienced by the material. [24,25]. Temperature values obtained by the thermal camera were consistent with the literature [26].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of Positioning Conditions on Material Properties In Powder bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Kayacan

Yılmaz

2021

Preprint

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Among additive manufacturing technologies, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is considered the most widespread layer-by-layer process. Although the L-PBF, which is also called as SLM method, has many advantages, several challenging problems must be overcome, including part positioning issues. In this study, the effect of part positioning on the microstructure of the part in the L-PBF method was investigated. Five Ti6Al4V samples were printed in different positions on the building platform and investigated with the aid of temperature, porosity, microstructure and hardness evaluations. In this study, martensitic needles were detected within the microstructure of Ti6Al4V samples. Furthermore, some twins were noticed on primary martensitic lines and the agglomeration of β precipitates was observed in vanadium rich areas. The positioning conditions of samples were revealed to have a strong effect on temperature gradients and on the average size of martensitic lines. Besides, different hardness values were attained depending on sample positioning conditions. As a major result, cooling rates were found related to positions of samples and the location of point on the samples. Higher cooling rates and repetitive cooling cycles resulted in microstructures becoming finer and harder.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Effects of Positioning Conditions on Material Properties In Powder bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Kayacan

Yılmaz

2021

Preprint

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“…These samples were characterized using X-ray diffractometry. The temperature value for the AM samples is within the typical temperature window for most additively manufactured alloys and also depends on factors such as input laser power, hatch spacing, material type, and exposure time [43,44]. The low temperature range value is close to that reported for a variety of titanium-free alloys [45] For low temperature tests, all six alloys were synthesized using arc-melting ( Figure A21).…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature (X-ray Diffraction Tests On Arc Meltedmentioning

confidence: 58%

Design and Fabrication of New High Entropy Alloys for Evaluating Titanium Replacements in Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2020

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High entropy alloys (HEAs) were prepared using the powder bed fusion (PBF) technique. Among titanium free alloys AlCoCrFeNiMn, CoCr1.3FeMnNi0.7, AlCoCrFeNi1.3, and AlCoCr1.3FeNi1.3 have been further investigated. A cost comparison was done for these four alloys as well as the titanium-based alloys AlCoCrFeNiTi and AlCo0.8CrFeNiTi. Such a comparison was done in order to evaluate the performance of the titanium-free alloys as the estimated cost of these will be less than for Ti-based HEAs. Hence, we have chosen four titanium free alloys and two titanium-based alloys for further processing. All these alloys were fabricated and subsequently characterized for phase, purity and performance. Scanning electron microscopy-based images were captured for microstructure characterization. EIS-based tests and potentiodynamic scans were performed to evaluate corrosion current. Hardness tests were performed for mechanical properties evaluation. Additional testing using factorial design tests was performed to evaluate the effects of various parameters to create better PBF-based HEA samples. EBSD tests, accelerated corrosion tests (mass loss), chemical analysis after degradation, microstructure analysis before and after degradation, and mechanical property comparison for finalized samples and other similar tests were executed. The details about all these HEAs and subsequent laser processing as well as behavior of these HEAs have been included in this study. It has been observed that some of the selected alloys exhibit good performance compared to Ti-based alloys, especially with respect to improvements in elastic constant and hardness relative to commercially pure Ti.

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“…Similarly to the work presented here, several studies examined the details of the melt pool profile during the Ti-6Al-4V deposition. The temperature profile and melt pool depth in laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V was analyzed using a finite difference method as implemented in Matlab® [29] by Criales and Özel [30]. Cheng et al [31] used Abaqus [32] software with custom DFLUX subroutine implementing a volumetric heat source to examine the temperature profile and melt pool size during Ti-6Al-4V electron beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-dimensional thermal finite element model of directed energy deposition: Matching melt pool temperature profile with pyrometer measurement

Jelinek

Young

Dantin

et al. 2020

Journal of Manufacturing Processes

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An open source two-dimensional (2D) thermal finite element (FE) model of the Directed Energy Deposition (DED) process is developed using the Python-based FEniCS framework. The model incrementally deposits material ahead of the laser focus point according to the geometry of the part. The laser heat energy is supplied by a Gaussian-distributed heat source while the phase change is represented by increased heat capacity around the solidus-liquidus temperature range. Experimental validation of the numerical model is performed by matching with the melt pool temperature measurements taken by a dual wavelength pyrometer during the build process of a box-shaped Ti-6Al-4V part with large geometrical voids. Effects of large geometrical voids on the melt pool shape and maximum melt pool temperature are examined. Both the numerical and experimental data show an increase in the melt pool size and temperature during deposition above large voids. The trailing edge of the melt pool's temperature profile obtained using the developed numerical model closely matches pyrometer measurements.

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Temperature profile and melt depth in laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Effects of Positioning Conditions on Material Properties In Powder bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Effects of Positioning Conditions on Material Properties In Powder bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing

Design and Fabrication of New High Entropy Alloys for Evaluating Titanium Replacements in Additive Manufacturing

Two-dimensional thermal finite element model of directed energy deposition: Matching melt pool temperature profile with pyrometer measurement

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