To solve the limited cooling capacity of drip cooling technique in current clinical grinding orthopedic surgery, this paper carried out a nanoparticle jet minimum quantity cooling grinding experiment by using hydroxyapatite, SiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , carbon nanotubes nanofluids, which mass fraction were 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10% respectively. Grinding temperature during the grinding process was measured, results show that temperature peak of bone micro-grinding isn't always proportional to mass fraction of nanofluids. The measured temperature peak shows an inversely proportional relationship with mass fraction of nanofluid within a certain mass fraction range, but a proportional relationship beyond this mass fraction range. Such critical mass fraction varies when using different types of nanoparticles. Combining with heat transfer enhancement of nanofluids, the influence law of nanofluids type and concentration on grinding temperature was disclosed from rheological properties of nanofluids and micromechanisms of nanoparticles in the grinding zone. The bigger mass fraction, the easier to show rheological properties. As for hydroxyapatite, which length-diameter ratio is high and Downloaded by [Australian National University] at 14:31 01 June 2016 2 SiO 2 , carbon nanotubes, which hardness are high, are easier to show shear thinning and shear thickening, the effect of rheological properties on temperature is obvious.