Temperature of Compensation: Significance for Virus Inactivation

Abstract

and Summary.-The purpose of this report is to call attention to the probable biological utility of a physical constant, the temperature of compensation (Tj) We suggest that determination of T, in biological systems might be of value in (1) establishment of whether an observed phenomenon results from the same process or mechanism as another observed phenomenon; (2) prediction of rates-or other behavior under relevant conditions; and (3) classification.The compensation effect' is simply defined as that which occurs when a series of Arrhenius plots, related by variation of a single parameter, pass through a common point. The temperature for this point has been termed the temperature of compensation. Systems exhibiting the compensation (or isokinetic) effect show linear variation of change in enthalpy with change in entropy, and the slope IjH/iS is T,, which is the temperature of compensation (or isokinetic temperature). 2 Although the compensation effect has been extensively studied by physicists and chemists, relatively little attention has been paid to it by biologists. We have investigated the effect of salt concentration on the kinetics of thermal inactivation of Sindbis virus at different temperatures as a biological example of the compensation effect. We propose that the temperature of compensation is a physical constant of biological interest since we found that, by determining the rate of thermal inactivation of the virus in different concentrations of two different salts, both families of Arrhenius plots generated from these data indicate the same temperature of compensation within fairly close limits.

Thermostability of Reovirus Disassembly Intermediates (ISVPs) Correlates with Genetic, Biochemical, and Thermodynamic Properties of Major Surface Protein μ1

“…It may thus be that nature selects for a particular range of stability of reovirus particles, reflected by the observed range of ⌬G ‡ values that constrain the relative values of ⌬H ‡ and ⌬S ‡ . This balancing of changes in ⌬H ‡ and ⌬S ‡ to limit changes in ⌬G ‡ , resulting in an enthalpy-entropy compensation effect, has been observed in a variety of chemical and biological systems and attributed to both structural and solvent effects (2,(20)(21)(22). It is uncertain at present whether structural or solvent effects are responsible for the compensation seen with reovirus particles, and determination of the contributing factors requires further study using different solution conditions and mutant 1 proteins (see below).…”

“…As seen in equation 1, the rate constant of ISVP inactivation at a specific temperature is defined as Ϫ2.303 ϫ the slope of the line in a plot of log 10 (infectious titer of ISVPs) versus time. The values for log 10 (k) measured at a number of temperatures could then be plotted against 1/T to determine whether the inactivation reaction obeyed the Arrhenius relationship over that range of temperatures, as shown by log 10 ͑k͒ ϭ log 10 ͑A͒ Ϫ E a 2.303RT (2) where R is the ideal gas constant, T is the temperature in degrees Kelvin, k is the rate constant, A is the pre-exponential factor, and E a is the activation energy. In fact, the Arrhenius relationship was found to hold well (r 2 Ͼ 0.997) for the inactivation of both T1L and T3D ISVPs incubated in storage buffer at temperatures between 37 and 54°C (Fig.…”

Towards a maximal cell survival in convective thermal drying processes

“…For a long time researchers have tried to determine which site and/or which biofunctional macromolecule is the critical component responsible for the thermal death of cells. A traditional approach is to study the death kinetics of a whole cell and compare the kinetics to the inactivation kinetics of individual cellular components (Barnes, Vogel, & Gordon, 1969;Rosenberg, Kemeny, Switzer, & Hamilton, 1971;Van Uden & Vidal-Leiria, 1976). It was found by Barnes et al (1969) that during heat treatments of a strain of Sindbis virus, under varied conditions the resultant Arrhenius plots passed through a common point; the temperature corresponding to this point was named the isokinetic temperature.…”

Influence of Process Conditions on Measles Virus Stability

“…1), which is also reported for tobacco mosaic virus (Ginoza, 1958), Sindbis virus (Barnes et al, 1969) and baculovirus (Gotoh et al, 2008). The corresponding Arrhenius plot (Fig.…”