Temperature, Moisture, and Habitat Effects on Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) Conidial Germination and Survival in the Onion Agroecosystem

Carruthers, R. I.; Haynes, D. L.

doi:10.1093/ee/15.6.1154

Cited by 40 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…However, while the immune elicitors are similar, the critical thermal limit (the point at which heat stress causes damage to developing cells) appears to be higher for both vegetative and reproductive forms of B. bassiana than for entomophthoralean fungi in general (e.g. see Carruthers & Haynes, 1986; Firstencel et al , 1990; Butt et al , 1994). Thus, while both fungi stimulate fever, the effectiveness of the response appears to depend (at least in part) on the relative thermal sensitivities of the infecting pathogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

House flies delay fungal infection by fevering: at a cost

Anderson¹,

Blanford²,

Thomas³

2013

Ecological Entomology

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1. Many ectothermic species have evolved the ability to invoke a ‘behavioural fever’ when infected with a pathogen. The relative costs and benefits of this response, however, have rarely been quantified. 2. The aim of this study was investigate the nature and consequences of behavioural fever in the house fly, Musca domestica L., in response to infection with a possible biocontrol agent, the fungal entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. 3. It was found that infected flies preferred higher temperatures and allocated more effort to thermoregulation than uninfected flies. Flies could not overcome infection but the altered thermal behaviour allowed infected flies to extend their survival and to lay more eggs relative to infected flies maintained under constant conditions. However, flies allowed to fever had lower egg viability suggesting a possible cost. 4. Under the present experimental conditions, the putative costs and benefits fever balanced one another resulting in no net change in fitness. Fever did not, therefore, limit the control potential of the fungus. We discuss whether the costs and benefits of behavioural fever might differ in other ecological contexts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

House flies delay fungal infection by fevering: at a cost

Anderson¹,

Blanford²,

Thomas³

2013

Ecological Entomology

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“…Later in the season, infected specimens of both Delia and Coenosia were found mostly on wild grasses. The range of environmental conditions favorable for occurrence of dead (presumably infected) flies included average daily temperatures of 11–28°C and relative humidities of 36–87%, according to local weather report data [16], [17]. Other important environmental factors correlated with an increased occurrence of dead flies included the abundance of dew on the vegetation during the night (dew point 4–21°C), and precipitation on the day before a collection ( Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include air temperature, relative humidity and dew point temperature. Relative humidity and temperature also affected fungal conidial discharge and germination rates [17]; both of these environmental parameters are linked indirectly to pathogenicity. However, the degree of this correlation could not be estimated more precisely because our analysis did not include many other important biological, environmental and anthropogenic factors such as the abundance of the hosts, their reproductive cycles, nutrition and behavior, their species diversity, the water-holding capacity of the habitat, or such disturbances as the mowing and watering of lawns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sequential Utilization of Hosts from Different Fly Families by Genetically Distinct, Sympatric Populations within the Entomophthora muscae Species Complex

et al. 2013

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The fungus Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthoromycota, Entomophthorales, Entomophthoraceae) is a widespread insect pathogen responsible for fatal epizootic events in many dipteran fly hosts. During epizootics in 2011 and 2012 in Durham, North Carolina, we observed a transition of fungal infections from one host, the plant-feeding fly Delia radicum, to a second host, the predatory fly Coenosia tigrina. Infections first appeared on Delia in the middle of March, but by the end of May, Coenosia comprised 100% of infected hosts. Multilocus sequence typing revealed that E. muscae in Durham comprises two distinct subpopulations (clades) with several haplotypes in each. Fungi from either clade are able to infect both fly species, but vary in their infection phenologies and host-specificities. Individuals of the more phylogenetically diverse clade I predominated during the beginning of the spring epizootic, infecting mostly phytophagous Delia flies. Clade II dominated in late April and May and affected mostly predatory Coenosia flies. Analysis of population structure revealed two subpopulations within E. muscae with limited gene exchange. This study provides the first evidence of recombination and population structure within the E. muscae species complex, and illustrates the complexity of insect-fungus relationships that should be considered for development of biological control methods.

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“…Some have found a positive relationship between temperature and encapsulation rates in scale insects and Anopheles mosquitoes (Blumberg, 1991;Suwanchaichinda & Paskewitz, 1998). Carruthers & Haynes, 1986;Milner et al, 1997). Researchers have examined changes in disease susceptibility associated with temperature rather than examining immune parameters directly.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental conditions and their impact on immunocompetence and pathogen susceptibility of the Caribbean termite Nasutitermes acajutlae

Fuller

Postava-Davignon

West

et al. 2011

Ecological Entomology

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1. Little is known about interactions between environmental conditions surrounding insects and their immune responses.2. The environment in and around termite colonies, including temperature, relative humidity, soil pH, and light was analysed using principal components analysis (PCA).3. The relationship between these abiotic parameters and two aspects of termite immunity (phenoloxidase activity and lipid content) was examined in field-caught workers of Nasutitermes acajutlae Holmgren. Finally, termites from warm/dry and cool/moist habitats were exposed to Metarhizium anisopliae to determine their susceptibility to mycosis.4. PCA indicated that environmental components external to the nest [ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity (RH), soil temperature and light] comprised the majority (PC1 = 37.5%) of variation. Internal variables (nest temperature and RH) and nest volume accounted for 19.6% (PC2) of the variation with pH comprising 12.9% (PC3).5. AIC and regression models suggested that ambient temperature was most strongly and positively associated with immune variables and that relative humidity may also play a role. Termites from warm/dry colonies were less susceptible to M. anisopliae than termites from cool/moist colonies.6. Thus, termites nesting in warmer habitats may exhibit increased immune-related measures and reduced susceptibility to mycosis compared with termites from cooler habitats.

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Temperature, Moisture, and Habitat Effects on Entomophthora muscae (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae) Conidial Germination and Survival in the Onion Agroecosystem

Cited by 40 publications

References 0 publications

House flies delay fungal infection by fevering: at a cost

House flies delay fungal infection by fevering: at a cost

Sequential Utilization of Hosts from Different Fly Families by Genetically Distinct, Sympatric Populations within the Entomophthora muscae Species Complex

Environmental conditions and their impact on immunocompetence and pathogen susceptibility of the Caribbean termite Nasutitermes acajutlae

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