Temperature‐mediated seasonal variation in phosphoglucomutase allozyme frequency in the yellow dung fly, <i>Scathophaga stercoraria</i>

Ward, Paul I.; Jann, P.; Blanckenhorn, Wolf U.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02293.x

Cited by 12 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Studies of other organisms also suggest that alleles favored at one life-history stage can be disadvantageous at another, in part due to changes in environmental conditions (Johannesson et al 1995;Johannesson 2003). Thus, fluctuating selection on enzyme loci, such as is apparent in C. aeneicollis populations, may occur more often than is generally reported (Mitton 1997;Ward et al 2004). Future studies are planned that will allow us to determine whether fluctuating selection is operating at the PGI locus and whether it is an important component of population persistence in Sierra willow beetle populations.…”

Section: Seasonal Changes In Pgi Frequency and Relationship To Enviromentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature on Physiology and Reproductive Success of a Montane Leaf Beetle: Implications for Persistence of Native Populations Enduring Climate Change

Dahlhoff¹,

Fearnley²,

Bruce³

et al. 2008

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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Understanding how climate change impacts natural systems requires investigations of the effects of environmental variation on vulnerable species and documentation of how populations respond to change. The willow beetle Chrysomela aeneicollis is ideal for such studies. It lives in California's Sierra Nevada on the southern edge of its worldwide range. Beetles experience elevated air temperatures during summertime egg laying and larval development. Exposure to these temperatures causes physiological stress, which may reduce reproductive success and endanger populations. The glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) is a marker of temperature adaptation in C. aeneicollis. PGI allele frequency varies across a latitudinal gradient: allele 1 is common in Rock Creek (RC), which is cooler and to the north, and allele 4 is common in Big Pine Creek (BPC), which is warmer and to the south. In populations that are intermediate in geography and climate (e.g., Bishop Creek [BC]), PGI-4 frequency increases from north to south such that alleles 1 and 4 are in relatively equal frequency in southern BC. Over the past decade, Sierra Nevada beetle populations have colonized high elevations and have become extinct at lower elevations where they were once common. In BC, the magnitude of PGI allele frequency fluctuations among lifehistory stages is related to maximal air temperature, with the frequency of PGI-4 increasing after the hottest part of summer. To identify mechanisms that may cause shifts in PGI allele frequency, we measured metabolic rate and fecundity for beetles collected at BC. Metabolic rate of males and females was measured at 20Њ and 36ЊC using flow-through respirometry. To measure laboratory fecundity, mating pairs were acclimated for 4 h each afternoon at a control temperature (20ЊC) or at mildly elevated temperatures (26Њ or 32ЊC) and number of eggs laid was counted daily for 24 d, after which tissue levels of 70-kD heat shock proteins (Hsp70) were determined. Previous studies had demonstrated differences in Hsp70 expression among PGI genotypes at these temperatures. To measure field fecundity, mating pairs from BC were transplanted to similar elevations in BPC, BC, and RC and were monitored in situ for 24 d. Metabolic rate was higher for PGI 4-4 genotypes than for PGI 1-4 or PGI 1-1 individuals at 36ЊC but not at 20ЊC. In contrast, laboratory fecundity was greatest for females possessing PGI-1, independent of acclimation temperature. At the end of the laboratory fecundity experiment, Hsp70 expression was positively related to fecundity, suggesting minimal reproductive cost of upregulation of heat shock proteins in response to mild heat stress. In the field, fecundity was highest for PGI 1-1 and PGI 1-4 individuals in RC and PGI 4-4 individuals in BPC and was similar for all genotypes in BC. Thus, fecundity in nature was greatest for the genotypes that were most common in each area. Taken together, data reported here suggest that hot, dry summers in the Sierra Nevada may result in an increase in fre...

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Section: Seasonal Changes In Pgi Frequency and Relationship To Enviromentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Temperature on Physiology and Reproductive Success of a Montane Leaf Beetle: Implications for Persistence of Native Populations Enduring Climate Change

Dahlhoff¹,

Fearnley²,

Bruce³

et al. 2008

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…Yellow dung fly eggs are also nonrandomly distributed with respect to pgm genotype in the field according to shading conditions (Ward et al ., ), suggesting that females might place different genotypes into different microhabitats. Further, pgm genotypes vary systematically over the season, with the most common allele (approximate 90% natural frequency) being more frequent in the spring and autumn than in the summer (Ward, Jann & Blanckenhorn, ). Finally, out of six allozyme loci tested, pgm was the only one showing geographical population differentiation within Switzerland (Kraushaar, Goudet & Blanckenhorn, ), although a recent population genetic study (Demont et al ., ) revealed no evidence for a latitudinal pgm cline in Europe (cf.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, we assessed the in vitro activity at different temperatures of the allozymes corresponding to the three most common pgm alleles [Slow (S) = 2, approximate 2.5% natural frequency; Medium (M) = 3, approximate 90% natural frequency; and Fast (F) = 4, approximate 4.5% natural frequency; i.e. the alleles called 3, 5 and 7 in Ward, Jann & Blanckenhorn, , respectively], testing individuals homozygous for these alleles bred in the laboratory. Assuming the in vitro and in vivo enzyme activities are congruent (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature-mediated microhabitat choice and development time based on thepgmlocus in the yellow dung flyScathophaga stercoraria

Blanckenhorn

Briegel

Choffat

et al. 2012

Biol J Linn Soc Lond

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Temperature can affect the performance of insects through its influence on enzyme function. We report a series of laboratory and field experiments investigating the putatively adaptive temperature‐dependent effects of phosphoglucomutase (pgm) genotype on development time, a central life‐history fitness component, as mediated by the microhabitat choice of ovipositing female yellow dung flies (Scathophaga stercoraria). The allozyme corresponding to the most common pgm allele 3 (approximate 90% natural frequency) had the highest Q 10 and showed higher in vitro activity at warmer temperatures (17–27 °C), whereas the allozyme corresponding to allele 4 (4.5%) showed relatively higher activity at the lowest temperature (7 °C), and the allozyme corresponding to allele 2 (2.5%) showed lower activity throughout. A laboratory experiment revealed that egg development time for allele 3 was shortest (i.e. best) at all temperatures tested, although egg‐to‐adult development time was longest for offspring derived from field females bearing allele 3. Importantly, over 3 years in the field, allele 4 did not increase in frequency late in the season as the temperatures dropped. Although females augmented their proportion of eggs laid on the warmer south slope of a dung pat (adaptive response), the development times of their offspring consistently increased towards the end of the season (maladaptive response). Regardless, females did not systematically bias the pgm composition of eggs laid on the north versus south slopes, as was expected from previous work hypothesizing that females exert microhabitat choice based on the pgm locus. We conclude that, although PGM allozymes differ in activity and the pgm genotype does differentially affect development time, these effects are inconsistent, and not predictable from in vitro allozyme assays, and therefore difficult to reconcile with an adaptive framework of cryptic female choice. © 2012 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2012, 107, 686–696.

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“…Where alternative forms of enzymes exist (allelic products of a single locus), selection through temperature is particularly likely because of its effects on enzyme function and metabolic rates, in turn affecting fitness (Borrell et al . 2004; Ward, Jann & Blanckenhorn 2004). In recent years, the importance of environmental effects on the phenotypic expression of individual genes became increasingly clear (DeWitt & Scheiner 2004), and it is furthermore now generally accepted that genetic variation at single loci may affect multiple phenotypic characters (Pigliucci 2004; Pigliucci & Preston 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype affects life‐history traits and cold stress resistance in a Copper butterfly

2008

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Summary 1.Accumulating evidence suggests that the phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) locus is under thermal selection. In the Copper butterfly Lycaena tityrus PGI allele frequencies show altitudinal variation, with a single genotype occurring in c . 90% of high-altitude animals. In low-altitude populations variation at this locus is much higher. 2. Here, we investigate variation in life-history traits and temperature stress resistance across PGI genotypes in L. tityrus from different lowland populations reared at two temperatures (19 and 24 ° C). 3. PGI genotype significantly affected larval and pupal development time, growth rate, pupal mass and chill-coma recovery time, but had no effect on heat knock-down resistance. The latter suggests that heat and cold stress resistance are based on differential mechanisms. 4. As expected temperature also influenced all traits under investigation, its effect being more pronounced compared to that of PGI genotype (except for pupal mass). 5. Patterns found for the PGI genotype dominating in high-altitude populations were consistent with those found for high-altitude animals. Therefore, and because of the direct link between PGI genotype and cold stress resistance, we conclude that PGI is likely to contribute to thermal adaptation in L. tityrus . 6. Genotypes promoting rapid development and largest body size were rather rare, suggesting weak selection on both traits and/or rather high associated costs.

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Temperature‐mediated seasonal variation in phosphoglucomutase allozyme frequency in the yellow dung fly, Scathophaga stercoraria

Cited by 12 publications

References 48 publications

Effects of Temperature on Physiology and Reproductive Success of a Montane Leaf Beetle: Implications for Persistence of Native Populations Enduring Climate Change

Effects of Temperature on Physiology and Reproductive Success of a Montane Leaf Beetle: Implications for Persistence of Native Populations Enduring Climate Change

Temperature-mediated microhabitat choice and development time based on thepgmlocus in the yellow dung flyScathophaga stercoraria

Phosphoglucose isomerase genotype affects life‐history traits and cold stress resistance in a Copper butterfly

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