Temperature Measurements of CO2 and CO2 - N2 Plasma Flows around a Blunt Body in an Arc-Heated Wind Tunnel

Yamada, Gouji; Otsuta, Singo; Matsuno, Takashi; Kawazoe, Hiromitsu

doi:10.2322/tastj.11.87

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…A multipoint spectroscopic measurement system with short test duration is newly developed to improve the accuracy of the measured data based on our previous work (12) . The measurement system consists of a quartz convex lens, a fiber alley, an imaging spectrometer (Andor, SR303i) and an image intensified CCD (ICCD) camera (Andor, DH334-18U-03).…”

Section: Shock Tube Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Shock Tube Facility for Nonequilibrium Radiation Studies in Mars Entry Flight Conditions

Yamada

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Kubo

et al. 2013

JSE

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Recently, many planetary explorations have been proposed as future space missions around the world. In these missions, Mars exploration has gained attention and extensive works have been conducted (1)-(3). For example, NASA is now conducting Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) aiming at the manned flight to Mars in 2030's (4). In Japan, MELOS-1 will be planned in 2018 (5). In these missions, atmospheric entry flight is a key technology for the success of missions. When space vehicles enter the planetary atmosphere, a shock wave is formed around space vehicles, resulting in the severe aerodynamic heating. Therefore, a reliable thermal protection system (TPS) is required to protect space vehicles from the severe heat load. Nonequilibrium processes of thermal relaxation, dissociation and recombination reactions around space vehicles affect the heating environments. For the development of TPS, one must predict the thermochemical nonequilibrium processes accurately. The prediction of the thermochemical nonequilibrium processes has been carried out based on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The accuracy of the prediction highly depends on the thermochemical model used in the simulation. The validation and improvement of the model are required by the ground testing simulating

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Section: Shock Tube Facilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Shock Tube Facility for Nonequilibrium Radiation Studies in Mars Entry Flight Conditions

Yamada

Ago

Kubo

et al. 2013

JSE

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“…The authors have conducted optical diagnoses of CO2-N2 plasma flows in an arc-heated wind tunnel and deduced temperature distribution along the stagnation streamline around a blunt body. 3) In addition, the authors have investigated the thermal nonequilibrium state of CO2-N2-Ar and CO2-Ar plasma flows. 4,5) In these studies, the area intensity method that uses the molecular band spectra of CN and C2 was newly applied to accurately evaluate the thermal nonequilibrium state of the plasma flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow Characterization of CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>-Ar Plasma in a Hollow Electrode Arc Heater

Yamada

Nakanishi

Kawazoe

2017

AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN

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The purpose of the present study is to characterize the flow of CO2-N2-Ar plasma in a hollow electrode arc heater using optical diagnostics. Spectroscopic measurements are conducted in the region of the arc-heated part. The rotational and vibrational temperatures are determined from the measured spectra of CN Violet ∆v=0 and C2 Swan ∆v=0 using a spectrum fitting technique. It is found that the rotational and vibrational temperatures are almost same, showing that the plasma in the arc heater is close to thermal equilibrium. The chemical composition of the plasma is calculated using the NASA-CEA program. The result shows that Ar, CO, and O are dominant species in the plasma investigated in this study. Although the mole fractions of CN and C2 are extremely low, they are strong radiators in the CO2-N2-Ar plasma. The numerical spectrum in the wide wavelength range is calculated using the chemical composition deduced by the NASA-CEA program and compared with the measured one. The result shows that the numerical spectrum does not agree with the measured one due to contamination caused by carbon. Spectrum calculations are conducted parametrically by changing the chemical composition to investigate the influence of carbon contamination. The numerical spectrum becomes close to the measured one when the mole fractions of CN and C2 decrease, showing that carbon contamination has a significant influence on the reaction processes of the plasma in the arc heater.

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Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

et al. 2021

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Numerous applications have required the study of CO2 plasmas since the 1960s, from CO2 lasers to spacecraft heat shields. However, in recent years, intense research activities on the subject have restarted because of environmental problems associated with CO2 emissions. The present review provides a synthesis of the current state of knowledge on the physical chemistry of cold CO2 plasmas. In particular, the different modeling approaches implemented to address specific aspects of CO2 plasmas are presented. Throughout the paper, the importance of conducting joint experimental, theoretical and modeling studies to elucidate the complex couplings at play in CO2 plasmas is emphasized. Therefore, the experimental data that are likely to bring relevant constraints to the different modeling approaches are first reviewed. Second, the calculation of some key elementary processes obtained with semi-empirical, classical and quantum methods is presented. In order to describe the electron kinetics, the latest coherent sets of cross section satisfying the constraints of "electron swarm" analyses are introduced, and the need for self-consistent calculations for determining accurate electron energy distribution function (EEDF) is evidenced. The main findings of the latest zero-dimensional (0D) global models about the complex chemistry of CO2 and its dissociation products in different plasma discharges are then given, and full state-to-state (STS) models of only the vibrational-dissociation kinetics developed for studies of spacecraft shields are described. Finally, two important points for all applications using CO2 containing plasma are discussed: the role of surfaces in contact with the plasma, and the need for 2D/3D models to capture the main features of complex reactor geometries including effects induced by fluid dynamics on the plasma properties. In addition to bringing together the latest advances in the description of CO2 non-equilibrium plasmas, the results presented here also highlight the fundamental data that are still missing and the possible routes that still need to be investigated.

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Temperature Measurements of CO2 and CO2 - N2 Plasma Flows around a Blunt Body in an Arc-Heated Wind Tunnel

Cited by 4 publications

References 15 publications

Development of a Shock Tube Facility for Nonequilibrium Radiation Studies in Mars Entry Flight Conditions

Development of a Shock Tube Facility for Nonequilibrium Radiation Studies in Mars Entry Flight Conditions

Flow Characterization of CO<sub>2</sub>-N<sub>2</sub>-Ar Plasma in a Hollow Electrode Arc Heater

Advances in non-equilibrium $$\hbox {CO}_2$$ plasma kinetics: a theoretical and experimental review

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