Temperature Logging in Russia: Development History of Theory, Technology of Measurements and Interpretation Techniques

Abstract

The history of development and the state of the art of well temperature logging in Russia is described in the paper. As it is known, the first logging in oil wells were temperature ones. In 1906 D. Golubyatnikov made the first measurement of temperature distribution along the well bore using the maximal thermometer. In 1932 it was developed the first electronic well thermometer. From 1970 in practice of field reserarches the high sensitive thermometers with resolution of 0.01K are used: it is registered and analyzed the temperature changes of hundreds and tens parts of degree, caused by Joule-Thomson effect and adiabatic effect. The development of theoretical and methodical basis of well thermometry was made by several groups of Moscow oil institute (now it is RGUNG), VNIINeft (Moscow), Kazan state university (Kazan) and Bashkir state university (Ufa). In Bashkir SU the model of the first industrial small-size well thermometer STL-28, theoretical basis of thermometry of transient processes in the well and formations were developed and the wide practical experience of solution of different problems in oil wells by thermometry was accumulated. At present time the most volume of production log is accounted to thermometry. In the paper it is given the examples of field cases from Bashkiria, Tataria and Western Siberia by means of well thermometry in production (flowing, rod pumping and ESP ones) and injection wells, and also during the development by the gas (air) compressor, swab and jet pump. The results of practical testing of new methods of well thermometry as "active thermometry", which is based on local inductive heating of casing on different depths and observation of the transient temperature behavior, and "infrared thermometry" for survey of "dry intervals" of the well above the liquid level. Also it is discussed the mathematical models, used at interpretation of temperature log. The most recent results are connected with quantitative interpretation of pressure and temperature transients with the purpose of determination of flow rates and individual parameters (for example radius and permeability of damaged zone) of formation in multilayer wells. Introduction The first measurements along the well are made by D. Golubyatnikov of Azerbaijan. He carries out measurements by points using a thermometer with great lag. However an increasing of volumes of temperature researches is observed after the development of electronic thermometer by V.N. Dakhnov in 1932. During this period it is investigated mainly the gas wells. As the result of the combining of temperature measurement data it was published the monography 1 by Daknov V.N. and Dyakonov D.I. in 1952. From the end of 60s and beginning of 70s the highly sensitive thermometers with resolution of 0.01K are used in the filed reserarches: the temperature changes of hundreds and tens parts of degree, caused by Joule-Thomson effect and adiabatic effect are registered and analyzed. The development of theoretical and methodical basis of well thermometry was made by several groups of Moscow oil institute (now it is RGUNG), VNIINeft (Moscow), Kazan state university (Kazan) and Bashkir state university (Ufa). In Bashkir SU the model of the first industrial small-size well thermometer STL-28, theoretical basis of thermometry of transient processes in the well and formations were developed and the wide practical experience of solution of different problems in oil wells by thermometry was accumulated.

Early-time Asymptotic, Analytical Temperature Solution for Linear Non-adiabatic Flow of a Slightly Compressible Fluid in a Porous Layer

“…(Bahrami and Siavoshi 2007) observed transient, sandface temperature behavior and noted that the "temperature jump" caused by the transient fluid expansion/compression effect at the beginning of a transient flow period may provide valuable information, providing it is not masked by the wellbore storage effects. These "jumps" (or "barothermal effects") were observed by (Valiullin et al 2009) in experimental wells and in the simulation results similar to (Zhu et al 2008). (Valiullin et al 2009) highlighted the value of temperature transient analysis, particularly if the barothermal effect was observed, for well-test analysis purposes.…”

“…These "jumps" (or "barothermal effects") were observed by (Valiullin et al 2009) in experimental wells and in the simulation results similar to (Zhu et al 2008). (Valiullin et al 2009) highlighted the value of temperature transient analysis, particularly if the barothermal effect was observed, for well-test analysis purposes. They also provided an integral solution for the radial flow problem that ignored heat conduction.…”

“…This effect has been observed both in numerically simulated data as well as in real field data (Valiullin et al 2010(Valiullin et al , 2009). This temperature decrease is due to the transient fluid expansion effect.…”

“…These new data sets have required the development of new workflows and analysis methods for their physical interpretation. Many publications have described temperature sensing and its phenomenological interpretation Fryer et al 2005;Hembling et al 2008;Johnson et al 2006;Lee 2006); but few attempts have been made to develop a comprehensive, mathematical basis for the analysis of downhole temperature behavior of flowing wells (as defined by the reservoir heat transfer processes) that can be executed rapidly (Valiullin et al 2010(Valiullin et al , 2009Zhu et al 2008). Wellbore heat transfer calculations, on the other hand, have been extensively analysed (Muradov and Davies 2008;Ramey 1962;Yoshioka et al 2005).…”

Modeling and Analysis of Temperature Transients Caused by Step-Like Change of Downhole Flow Control Device Flow Area

“…The advances in downhole monitoring systems in recent years have motivated new testing and analysis techniques. Valiullin highlighted the importance of Temperature Transient Analysis (TTA) especially when the barothermal effect (transient fluid compression/expansion at early times) takes place for well test analysis (Valiullin, Ramazanov et al 2009). They indicated that trasient temperature can be more informative than pressure due to its sensitivity to damage radius and permeability.…”