Temperature influences the interaction of ruminant PrP<sup>TSE</sup>with soil

Maddison, Ben C.; Owen, Jonathan P.; Taema, Maged M.; Shaw, G.; Gough, Kevin C.

doi:10.4161/pri.20025

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Relevant studies have shown that temperature can induce prion to fold, and prion (PrP C ) folds into a toxic scrapie form (PrP SC ) [54]. In environmental transmission, the bioavailability of prion in soil may also be affected by temperature [29]. Furthermore, the climatic conditions with more precipitation are unsuitable for prion occurrence [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the number of live sheep worldwide has been concentrated in Asia [28], and the distribution of sheep and goats has become a nonnegligible risk factor for the spread of scrapie. Further exploration of the range of factors influencing the persistent presence of prions in the environment will facilitate the study of the mechanisms of the occurrence and transmission of scrapie [29]. In fact, most pathogenic microorganisms can be transmitted through environmental pathways, and bioclimatic variables are an important factor [30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predicting Risk Areas of Classical Scrapie in China Based on Environmental Suitability

Hong

Pan

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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Classical scrapie is a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy that attacks the central nervous system of sheep and goats. Since its discovery in the 18th century, the disease has caused enormous economic losses and public health impacts in continental Europe. In the late 20th century, classical scrapie began to spread to places, such as Asia and the Americas, becoming a disease of global concern. In this study, based on prion occurrence records and high-resolution environmental layers, a risk assessment of classical scrapie in China was performed using a maximum entropy model. The model achieved an area under the curve value of 0.906 (95% confidence interval, 0.0883–0.0929). Sheep distribution density, road density, goat distribution density, minimum temperature of the coldest month, port density, and precipitation of the driest quarter were identified as important factors affecting the occurrence of classical scrapie. The risk map showed that potential high-risk areas in China were mainly located in Northeast China, North China, and Northwest China. This study can provide a valuable reference for the prevention of classical scrapie in China. According to the environmental variables and risk areas of classical scrapie, implementing monitoring and early warning measures in these areas is recommended to reduce the possibility of classical scrapie occurrence and transmission.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Risk Areas of Classical Scrapie in China Based on Environmental Suitability

Hong

Pan

et al. 2023

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases

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“…Scrapie prions have been observed to persist in soils for years. For BSE prions, Maddison et al 146,147) showed highly efficient binding of bovine BSE PrP Sc to different types of soil within 24 h. Clay-rich soils induced N-terminal truncation of the PrP Sc , but sand-rich soils yielded full length PrP Sc species. The recovery and persistence of PrP Sc in sandy loam soil decreased during the 18-months incubation period in a temperature-dependent manner, but average percent of recovery at day 566 remained over 10% of that at day 1-4 at any temperatures.…”

Section: Born After the Reinforced Ban (Barb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy – A Review from the Perspective of Food Safety

2019

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Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease that belongs to transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE). Since the first case was identified in the UK in 1986, BSE spread to other countries including Japan. Its incidence peaked in 1992 in the UK and from 2001 to 2006 in many other countries, but a feed ban aimed at eliminating the recycling of the BSE agent and other control measures aimed at preventing food and feed contamination with the agent were highly effective at reducing the spread of BSE. In 2004, two types of atypical BSE, H-type BSE (H-BSE) and L-type BSE (L-BSE), which differ from classical BSE (C-BSE), were found in France and Italy. Atypical BSE, which is assumed to occur spontaneously, has also been detected among cattle in other countries including Japan. The BSE agent including atypical BSE agent is a unique food-safety hazard with different chemical and biological properties from the microbial pathogens and toxic chemicals that contaminate food. In this review, we summarize the reported findings on the tissue distribution of BSE prions in infected cattle and other aspects of BSE, as well as the control measures against the disease employed in Japan. Topics that require further studies are discussed based on the summarized findings from the perspective of food safety. Key word: BSE, atypical, vCJD, control measure, origin tified in the UK in 1986 1). The UK epidemic was attributed to the exposure to an infectious agent in 1981-1982 in association with a dramatic reduction in the use of organic solvents in the manufacture of meat and bone meal (MBM) 2). The annual number of BSE cases reported in the UK increased

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“…The binding and survival of TSE agents is influenced by soil composition and the TSE strain, with ovine scrapie being more persistent in some soil types than cattle BSE [ 17 , 18 ], and oral infection may be promoted by binding of TSE agents to soil components [ 14 , 19 , 20 ]. There is also evidence that PrP Sc can be taken up by plants from experimentally infected soil [ 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

BSE infectivity survives burial for five years with only limited spread

et al. 2019

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The carcasses of animals infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), scrapie or chronic wasting disease (CWD) that remain in the environment (exposed or buried) may continue to act as reservoirs of infectivity. We conducted two experiments under near-field conditions to investigate the survival and dissemination of BSE infectivity after burial in a clay or sandy soil. BSE infectivity was either contained within a bovine skull or buried as an uncontained bolus of BSE-infected brain. Throughout the five-year period of the experiment, BSE infectivity was recovered in similar amounts from heads exhumed annually from both types of soil. Very low levels of infectivity were detected in the soil immediately surrounding the heads, but not in samples remote from them. Similarly, there was no evidence of significant lateral movement of infectivity from the buried bolus over 4 years although there was a little vertical movement in both directions. However, bioassay analysis of limited numbers of samples of rain water that had drained through the bolus clay lysimeter indicated that infectivity was present in filtrates. sPMCA analysis also detected low levels of PrPSc in the filtrates up to 25 months following burial, raising the concern that leakage of infectivity into ground water could occur. We conclude that transmissible spongiform encephalopathy infectivity is likely to survive burial for long periods of time, but not to migrate far from the site of burial unless a vector or rain water drainage transports it. Risk assessments of contaminated sites should take these findings into account.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s00705-019-04154-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Temperature influences the interaction of ruminant PrP^TSEwith soil

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Predicting Risk Areas of Classical Scrapie in China Based on Environmental Suitability

Predicting Risk Areas of Classical Scrapie in China Based on Environmental Suitability

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy – A Review from the Perspective of Food Safety

BSE infectivity survives burial for five years with only limited spread

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Temperature influences the interaction of ruminant PrPTSEwith soil

Cited by 6 publications

References 33 publications

Predicting Risk Areas of Classical Scrapie in China Based on Environmental Suitability

Predicting Risk Areas of Classical Scrapie in China Based on Environmental Suitability

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy – A Review from the Perspective of Food Safety

BSE infectivity survives burial for five years with only limited spread

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Product

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Temperature influences the interaction of ruminant PrP^TSEwith soil