Temperature Influences on Uptake, Translocation, and Metabolism of Alachlor in Snap Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Abstract

The uptake, translocation, and metabolism of14C-alachlor [2-chloro-2′,6′-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl)acetanilide] by germinating and emerged snap bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) seedlings were monitored under 16-h daylength (21 klux) comparing 16 C night/21 C Day and 27 C night/32 C day temperature regimes. Total uptake of14C-alachlor by germinating snap beans was greater under the higher temperature, however, the compound was localized primarily in the roots where it was rapidly metabolized. At the lower temperature, the label was located in approximately equal amounts in all plant parts except cotyledons and significantly less of the alachlor was metabolized. Root uptake of14C-alachlor and translocation of labeled compounds to the shoots were significantly greater under the higher temperatures. Approximately 60% of14C-alachlor was shown to volatilize from a watchglass after 48 h at 27 C. After volatilization, uptake of14C-alachlor occurred in adjacent snap bean plants in a closed system.

Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) and Rotational Crop Response to Imazethapyr in Pea (Pisum sativum) and Snap Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)

“…Imazethapyr uptake by common lambsquarters may be reduced by the lower average temperatures (8 C) during the 10 days after pea planting in late win ter compared to average temperatures (16 C) during the 10 days after snap bean planting in May. A similar rela tionship between temperature and alachlor [2-chloro-^V-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-A^-(methoxymethyl)acetamide] up take by snap bean has been reported (13). Pea response.…”

Role of temperature and water potential on the activity of some acetanilide herbicides on threePhaseolustaxa

“…These findings can be explained in terms of the metabolic activity of the bean seedlings. According to Rice & Putnam (1980) the uptake and translocation of acetanilide herbicide by beans are much slower under cool conditions. Phytotoxicity can therefore be expected during increased growth and transpiration rates associated with higher temperatures.…”

“…These responses have been ascribed to decreased photosynthesis (Brix, 1962), decreased turgor inhibiting cell expansion (Ordin, 1960) and the effects of lowered cell water potential on metabolism (Barnett & Naylor, 1966), Preliminary work carried out in pots indicated that the tolerance of beans (Phaseolus spp.) to alachlor is marginal and depends on the cultivar, herbicide placement, temperature, soil moisture and other soil factors (Rice & Putnam, 1980). The tolerance of maize (Zea mays) and peas (Pisum sativum) to alachlor decreased with increasing soil moisture and decreasing soil temperature (Putnam & Rice, 1979).…”

Factors in Alachlor and Metolachlor Injury to Corn (Zea mays) Seedlings

“…Environmental conditions such as soil moisture, soil and air temperatures, and soil pH were identified as influencing crop response to soil-applied herbi cides including the chloroacetamides 3 (2,5,6,15,16). Bohn 3 observed greater corn injury when ala chlor and metolachlor were applied preemergence at 24/16 C day /night air temperatures compared to 27/21 C day/night air temperatures.…”