Temperature induced bacterial virulence and bleaching disease in a chemically defended marine macroalga

Case, Rebecca J.; Longford, Sharon R.; Campbell, Alexandra H.; Low, Adrian; Tujula, Niina; Steinberg, Peter D.; Kjelleberg, Staffan

doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02356.x

Cited by 131 publications

(169 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Within coral reef ecosystems there is growing evidence that coral diseases are most prominent during the warmest months of the year and that corals are losing their seasonal reprieve from disease advancement as mean winter temperatures rise (Weil et al, 2009;Heron et al, 2010;Case et al, 2011;Burge et al, 2014). However, it remains unclear whether this pattern occurs as a consequence of increased coral susceptibility above specific thermal thresholds, shifts in the behavior or virulence of the responsible pathogens, or a combination of both factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Temperature-induced behavioral switches in a bacterial coral pathogen

et al. 2015

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Evidence to date indicates that elevated seawater temperatures increase the occurrence of coral disease, which is frequently microbial in origin. Microbial behaviors such as motility and chemotaxis are often implicated in coral colonization and infection, yet little is known about the effect of warming temperatures on these behaviors. Here we present data demonstrating that increasing water temperatures induce two behavioral switches in the coral pathogen Vibrio coralliilyticus that considerably augment the bacterium's performance in tracking the chemical signals of its coral host, Pocillopora damicornis. Coupling field-based heat-stress manipulations with laboratory-based observations in microfluidic devices, we recorded the swimming behavior of thousands of individual pathogen cells at different temperatures, associated with current and future climate scenarios. When temperature reached ⩾ 23°C, we found that the pathogen's chemotactic ability toward coral mucus increased by 460%, denoting an enhanced capability to track host-derived chemical cues. Raising the temperature further, to 30°C, increased the pathogen's chemokinetic ability by 457%, denoting an enhanced capability of cells to accelerate in favorable, mucus-rich chemical conditions. This work demonstrates that increasing temperature can have strong, multifarious effects that enhance the motile behaviors and host-seeking efficiency of a marine bacterial pathogen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Temperature-induced behavioral switches in a bacterial coral pathogen

et al. 2015

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“…This condition was more common when water temperatures were high ("n" in Fig. 2) and algal chemical defences low , Case et al 2011, Fernandes et al 2012. Although this disease does not increase algal mortality, it has dramatic impacts on the fecundity of affected individuals and also increases algal susceptibility to grazing ("p" in Fig.…”

Section: Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The responses of brown macroalgae to environmental change from local to global scales: direct versus ecologically mediated effects

Wahl¹,

Molis²,

Hobday³

et al. 2015

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Abstract:In many temperate regions, brown macroalgae fulfil essential ecosystem services such as the provision of structure, the fixation of nutrients and carbon, and the production of biomass and oxygen. Their populations in many regions around the globe have declined and/ or spatially shifted in recent decades. In this review we highlight the potential global and regional drives of these changes, describe the status of regionally particularly important brown macroalgal species, and describe the capacity of interactions among abiotic and biotic factors to amplify or buffer environmental pressure on brown macroalgae. We conclude with a consideration of possible management and restoration measures.

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“…Synthesis of QS-interfering compounds has been demonstrated for bacteria and eukaryotes (20)(21)(22)(23)(24), leading to the hypothesis that eukaryotes have evolved such defense mechanisms as a strategy for protection and inhibition of association with bacterial pathogens (25). The best-studied example of naturally occurring QQ activities in eukaryotes is the halogenated furanones synthesized by the marine red alga Delisea pulchra that protect the alga against overgrowth with bacteria by antagonistically outcompeting autoinducers (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33). However, other organisms besides eukaryotes have taken advantage of developing QQ mechanisms for protection against pathogenic bacteria; indeed, bacteria themselves have developed and benefited from QQ strategies.…”

Section: Q Uorum Sensing (Qs) Is the Cell-cell Communication Betweenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Reporter for Identification of Interference with Acyl Homoserine Lactone and Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing

Weiland‐Bräuer

Pinnow

Schmitz

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Two reporter strains were established to identify novel biomolecules interfering with bacterial communication (quorum sensing [QS]). The basic design of these Escherichia coli-based systems comprises a gene encoding a lethal protein fused to promoters induced in the presence of QS signal molecules. Consequently, these E. coli strains are unable to grow in the presence of the respective QS signal molecules unless a nontoxic QS-interfering compound is present. The first reporter strain designed to detect autoinducer-2 (AI-2)-interfering activities (AI2-QQ.1) contained the E. coli ccdB lethal gene under the control of the E. coli lsrA promoter. The second reporter strain (AI1-QQ.1) contained the Vibrio fischeri luxI promoter fused to the ccdB gene to detect interference with acyl-homoserine lactones. Bacteria isolated from the surfaces of several marine eukarya were screened for quorum-quenching (QQ) activities using the established reporter systems AI1-QQ.1 and AI2-QQ.1. Out of 34 isolates, two interfered with acylated homoserine lactone (AHL) signaling, five interfered with AI-2 QS signaling, and 10 were demonstrated to interfere with both signal molecules. Open reading frames (ORFs) conferring QQ activity were identified for three selected isolates (Photobacterium sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., and Vibrio parahaemolyticus). Evaluation of the respective heterologously expressed and purified QQ proteins confirmed their ability to interfere with the AHL and AI-2 signaling processes. Q uorum sensing (QS) is the cell-cell communication betweenbacteria that allows the perception of population density by small signaling molecules-so-called autoinducers-and modifies gene expression in response to the population density. It controls a wide spectrum of processes and phenotypic behaviors, including stress resistance, production of toxins and secondary metabolites, pathogenicity, swarming, and biofilm formation (for a review, see references 1 and 2). In addition to playing important roles in intraspecies and interspecies communication, QS is also involved in host-microbe interactions (3-5). Intraspecific communication of Gram-negative bacteria is based on the production and perception of acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) synthesized by LuxI homologs. Increasing intracellular concentrations of diffusible AHLs with higher cell densities are perceived by binding of the AHLs to the cognate receptor (e.g., LuxR in Vibrio fischeri), resulting in activation or inhibition of target gene transcription (6, 7). Interspecific communication between different species within one habitat has been demonstrated to depend on the synthesis and detection of the universal autoinducer-2 (AI-2), which can be inhibited by furanones (8, 9). The perception of these signal molecules is achieved either by a two-component regulatory system (e.g., in Vibrio harveyi, where the induced phosphorylation cascade finally results in the induction of specific target genes) (10), or by transportation of the signal molecule into the cell (e.g., in Escherichia coli,...

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Temperature induced bacterial virulence and bleaching disease in a chemically defended marine macroalga

Cited by 131 publications

References 48 publications

Temperature-induced behavioral switches in a bacterial coral pathogen

Temperature-induced behavioral switches in a bacterial coral pathogen

The responses of brown macroalgae to environmental change from local to global scales: direct versus ecologically mediated effects

Novel Reporter for Identification of Interference with Acyl Homoserine Lactone and Autoinducer-2 Quorum Sensing

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