Temperature, food and mate limitation of copepod reproductive rates: separating the effects of multiple hypotheses

Williamson, Craig E.; Butler, Nancy M.

doi:10.1093/plankt/9.5.821

Cited by 62 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…The causes of variability in the hatching success of manne zooplankton is a matter of some debate, with anoxia (Lutz et al 1994), sex ratio and remating (Parrish & Wilson 1978, Williamson & Butler 1987, Ianora et al 1992, nutritional deficiencies (Jonasdottir 1994, Guisande & Harris 1995 and inhibitory compounds (Poulet et al 1994, Ianora et al 1995 proposed as possible explanations. The overall hatching success of the eggs of Calanus helgolandicus at Stn L4 during the 1994 season was relatively high wlth a minimum value of 74 %.…”

Section: Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field, e g g viability has been shown to be highly variable (Ianora et al 1992, Laablr et al 1995b) and dependant on such factors as anoxla (Lutz et al 1994), the presence of males and remating (Williamson & Butler 1987, Ianora et al 1992, the age of females (lanora & Poulet 1993), a n d the presence of inhibitory compounds (Poulet et a1 1994, Ianora et al 1995. As yet, few studies have investigated the link between maternal nutrition and egg viability in the laboratory (Jonasdottir 1994, Guisande & Harris 1995 and only Guisande & Harris (1995) have investigated this aspect in the field.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Pond¹,

Harris²,

Head³

et al. 1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

199

180

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Fecundity of the copepod Calanus helgolandicus was monitored at a coastal station in the western English Channel during January to September 1994 and varied seasonally from 3 to 33 eggs female-' d-l (mean 17 eggs female-' d-'). Particulate fatty acid levels, particularly in the <20 pm size fraction, were more highly correlated with fecundity than either chl a, particulate carbon or nitrogen. and this reflected the size and species composition of the microplankton. Diatoms, dinoflagellates and ciliates all sustained high fecundity. The mean volume of eggs produced by C. helgolandicus was inversely related to both food availability and fecundity, with increased numbers of smaller eggs produced during per~ods of high food availability. Female C helgolandicus with the highest body nitrogen and carbon produced eggs with the highest carbon and nltrogen contents, although these eggs were also smaller. Hatching viability was consistently high with a seasonal mean of 83% and both viability and the incidence of deformed nauplii were negatively correlated with the carbon and nitrogen content of females and eggs. Hatching viability was not correlated with the abundance of diatoms, but was closely correlated with the levels of 18:2(n-6) and 20:4(n-6) fatty acids in both the environment and in the eggs. Particulate concentrations of the polyunsaturated fatty acids 20:5(n-3) and 22:6(n-3), although abundant in the environment and therefore good indicators of food availability, were not correlated with either egg viability or naupliar survival. The levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the eggs were important factors determining naupliar survival under starvation conditions. Although food availability limited fecundity, female recruitment was possibly limited by predation pressure. particularly during the late summer. This study highlights the value of seasonal and nutritional based studies in understanding variability in zooplankton fecundity.

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Section: Viabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Pond¹,

Harris²,

Head³

et al. 1996

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

199

180

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“…In this article we focus specifically on the role of temperature, given that interannual variation in temperature is large in lakes inhabited by H. shoshone (Sarnelle and Knapp 2005). It is well known that temperature affects many aspects of copepod life history, including reproductive rates (Watras and Haney 1980;Williamson and Butler 1987;Chow-Fraser and Maly 1991), developmental rates (Robertson et al 1974;Hart and McLaren 1978), and life span (Jersabek and Schabetsberger 1995;Hirst and Kiørboe 2002), but effects on population growth rate and viability resulting from changes in encounter rate are unstudied. Temperature may affect encounter rate via both physiological mechanisms, such as changes in activity or pheromone production, and physical mechanisms, including changes in viscosity and diffusion rates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of mating behavior and temperature variation on the critical population density of a freshwater copepod

Kramer

Sarnelle

Yen

2011

Limnology & Oceanography

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At low density, population growth rates of dioecious zooplankton depend on the encounter rate of potential mates, resulting in a demographic Allee effect and a critical density for population establishment and persistence. Empirical evidence confirms a critical density for the calanoid copepod Hesperodiatomus shoshone, but existing estimates of the critical density span an order of magnitude. Combining three-dimensional video analysis of mating behavior with life history data from natural populations we estimated H. shoshone critical density to be 0.44-1.44 m 23 . The critical density was highly dependent on body size, primarily as a result of the latter's influence on swimming speed. Swimming speed also depended on temperature, increasing . 25% as temperature increased from 5uC to 16uC. Rapid swimming (1.25-2.4 cm s 21 ) and the ability to follow pheromone trails greatly improved the ability of H. shoshone to find mates. The large effect of temperature on mating behavior means that environmental variation can have a major effect on critical density and indicates that recovery or colonization events may be more likely to succeed in warmer lakes and/or warmer years. Considering the potential for critical densities to vary with environmental conditions is important for understanding how these thresholds determine population establishment and persistence in sexually reproducing aquatic organisms and other populations subject to Allee effects.

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“…Some movement of water between the compartments occurred upon introduction of the treatment individuals. Experiments were carried out between 1300 and 2000 hours, but the time of day should not affect capacity to mate because it has been shown that there is no die1 periodicity in either phase set (presence or absence of ripe oocytes) or egg laying (Williamson and Butler 1987). The analysis of the experimental male's swimming pattern was done by examining a 3-min period before introduction of the treatment individuals and another 3-min period 10 min after the introduction of the treatment organisms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The production and detection of a pheromone will increase the probability of establishing new populations in new environments, because a smaller number of propagules would be required. Mate availability can limit reproductive rates in natural populations of diaptomid copepods (Williamson and Butler 1987). Under conditions where male densities are low (either in absolute terms, No.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in swimming behavior of male Diaptomus leptopus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in response to gravid females

Leeuwen

Maly

1991

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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Swimming behavior of male Diaptomus leptopus was recorded before and after introduction of gravid females, nongravid females, or males into one compartment of a two‐compartment vessel. The compartments were separated by 110‐µm nylon mesh. Analysis of swimming behavior found that both swimming speed and turning behavior of male D. leptopus were altered significantly only after exposure to water from gravid females. Swimming behavior was unaltered in an apparatus where the holding compartment was separated from the other compartment by 5.0 cm, but some changes were observed when the separation between the two compartments was decreased to 2.5 cm, implying that the cue has a very short lifetime or that the pheromone diffuses slowly.

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Temperature, food and mate limitation of copepod reproductive rates: separating the effects of multiple hypotheses

Cited by 62 publications

References 0 publications

Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

Environmental and nutritional factors determining seasonal variability in the fecundity and egg viability of Calanus helgolandicus in coastal waters off Plymouth, UK

The effect of mating behavior and temperature variation on the critical population density of a freshwater copepod

Changes in swimming behavior of male Diaptomus leptopus (Copepoda: Calanoida) in response to gravid females

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