Temperature evolution during magma ascent in basaltic effusive eruptions: A numerical application to Stromboli volcano

Spina, Giuseppe La; Burton, Mike; Vitturi, Mattia de’ Michieli

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.015

Cited by 53 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 55 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The lack of direct observations inside the conduit means that numerical conduit models, constrained with observational data, provide invaluable tools for quantitative insights into complex magma ascent dynamics4. The highly nonlinear, interdependent processes involved in magma ascent dynamics require several simplifications when modelling their ascent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in basaltic magma ascent dynamics

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Timescales of magma ascent in conduit models are typically assumed to be much longer than crystallization and gas exsolution for basaltic eruptions. However, it is now recognized that basaltic magmas may rise fast enough for disequilibrium processes to play a key role on the ascent dynamics. The quantification of the characteristic times for crystallization and exsolution processes are fundamental to our understanding of such disequilibria and ascent dynamics. Here we use observations from Mount Etna's 2001 eruption and a magma ascent model to constrain timescales for crystallization and exsolution processes. Our results show that plagioclase reaches equilibrium in 1–2 h, whereas ascent times were <1 h. Using these new constraints on disequilibrium plagioclase crystallization we also reproduce observed crystal abundances for different basaltic eruptions. The strong relation between magma ascent rate and disequilibrium crystallization and exsolution plays a key role in controlling eruption dynamics in basaltic volcanism.

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in basaltic magma ascent dynamics

et al. 2016

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, we performed decompression + cooling experiments, in which it is difficult to separate ΔT and ΔT eff . Adiabatic cooling during magma ascent could be important, but the magnitude of this effect could be partially counteracted by the release of latent heat from crystallization (La Spina et al 2015). Decompression + cooling experiments were performed with the goal of studying the crystallization of magma resulting from degassing and adiabatic cooling during ascent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present crystallization experiments representing a broad range of growth conditions of alkali feldspar and sodalite in a trachy-phonolite magma composition during later stages of evolution. Our results include (i) textural data and mineral assemblages of synthetic samples; (ii) feldspar nucleation kinetics and growth rate estimates; and (iii) textural data, mineral abundances, and crystal size distribution measurements on samples representative of the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 AD), the last eruption of Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy. Experiments reproduced the texture and feldspar content of natural products indicating that kinetic data can provide insights into processes within the volcanic system shortly before and during this small-magnitude eruption and, particularly, about magma ascent timescale. We suggest that the groundmass crystallization of Monte Nuovo magma started between 4 and 7 km depth (∼100-200 MPa) at a temperature between 825 and 840°C (close to the liquidus of alkali feldspar). The crystallization kinetics of alkali feldspar and the absence of sodalite in most of the natural samples indicate that magma ascent rate increased in the shallow part of the conduit from about 3 km depth to the quenching level (possibly fragmentation point; ∼30 MPa), during the first phases of the eruption.The crystallization time of the magma requires that it ascended from pre-eruptive storage to the quenching level in several hours to a few days. We also observe that a small decrease in pressure can induce a dramatic increase in crystallinity, with associated rheological changes, leading to changes in the eruption style, and such changes could occur on timescales of hours to several days. The products from the later phases of the Monte Nuovo eruption are more crystalline and contain sodalite in response to the decrease in magma ascent rate, which in turn allowed for more degassing during ascent, resulting in more time spent at very shallow depths.

show abstract

“…The thermodynamics of phase changes from dissolved to exsolved volatiles and crystal formation, together with adiabatic expansion, all contribute to the evolution of magmatic temperature (Blundy et al, 2006;La Spina et al, 2015), providing a further feedback mechanism as viscosity is also highly dependent on temperature. Unravelling this complex behaviour is a fundamental aim of volcanological science, and a key underpinning for this research is precise and accurate measurements of gas compositions at the surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and HF in volcanic plumes

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. A portable analyser is described for simultaneous detection of CO 2 and HF emitted by volcanoes and fumaroles. The system is based on two fibre-coupled distributed feedback lasers and only one multipass cell, and provides the absolute concentration values of the two gases, without requiring a calibration procedure, at a maximum rate of 4 Hz. The spectrometer can operate both in a closed-cell configuration and in an open-cell set-up, with the latter mitigating problems associated with chemisorption of the HF molecule. The concept, practical realization and laboratory performance of the device are presented, together with results from a first test campaign measuring volcanic gases emitted from the crater of Vulcano, Italy. We obtained an in-field sensitivity of 320 ppb for CO 2 and 20 ppb for HF at 2 s integration time.

show abstract

Temperature evolution during magma ascent in basaltic effusive eruptions: A numerical application to Stromboli volcano

Cited by 53 publications

References 55 publications

Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in basaltic magma ascent dynamics

Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in basaltic magma ascent dynamics

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and HF in volcanic plumes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Temperature evolution during magma ascent in basaltic effusive eruptions: A numerical application to Stromboli volcano

Cited by 53 publications

References 55 publications

Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in basaltic magma ascent dynamics

Role of syn-eruptive plagioclase disequilibrium crystallization in basaltic magma ascent dynamics

Constraining pre-eruptive magma conditions and unrest timescales during the Monte Nuovo eruption (1538 ad; Campi Flegrei, Southern Italy): integrating textural and CSD results from experimental and natural trachy-phonolites

Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and HF in volcanic plumes

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Diode laser-based gas analyser for the simultaneous measurement of CO<sub>2</sub> and HF in volcanic plumes