Temperature-electromotive force reference functions and
                                        tables for the letter-designated thermocouple types based on
                                        the ITS-90

A high temperature Seebeck coefficient measurement apparatus with various features to minimize typical sources of error is designed and built. Common sources of temperature and voltage measurement error are described and principles to overcome these are proposed. With these guiding principles, a high temperature Seebeck measurement apparatus with a uniaxial 4-point contact geometry is designed to operate from room temperature to over 1200 K. This instrument design is simple to operate, and suitable for bulk samples with a broad range of physical types and shapes.

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“…11 The thermoelectric voltages of common thermocouple wires relative to Pt were measured by NIST and reported in NIST Monograph 175. 12 …”

Section: Measurement Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A high temperature apparatus for measurement of the Seebeck coefficient

Iwanaga

Toberer

LaLonde

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

274

216

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“…The voltage output of a thermocouple is related to temperature through National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) calibration standards (Ref. 8). Temperature-time history data from the thermocouple measurements are then processed through conduction analysis to determine heat-transfer rate time-histories.…”

Section: Wind Tunnel Model Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 (Figure 2), located in Silver Spring, Maryland, is a hypersonic, nitrogen-gas, blow -down wind tunnel with interchangeable nozzles that allow for testing at Mach numbers of 7,8,10, and 14 over a 0.054 106/ft to 48.4 x 106/ft (0.177 x 106/m to 158.8 X 106/m) unit Reynolds number range (depending on the nozzle). The test section is a 5 ft (1.52 m) diameter, 12 ft (3.66 m) long cell that enables testing of large-scale model configurations.…”

Section: Aedc Tunnel 9 Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aeroheating Testing and Predictions for Project Orion CEV at Turbulent Conditions

Hollis

Berger

Horvath

et al. 2008

46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit

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Inch Mach 6 Air Tunnel. Laminar and turbulent predictions were generated for all wind tunnel test conditions and comparisons were performed with the experimental data to help define the accuracy of computational method. In general, it was found that both laminar data and predictions, and turbulent data and predictions, agreed to within less than the estimated ±12% experimental uncertainty estimate. Laminar heating distributions from all three data sets were shown to correlate well and demonstrated Reynolds numbers independence when expressed in terms of the Stanton number based on adiabatic wallrecovery enthalpy. Transition onset locations on the leeside centerline were determined from the data and correlated in terms of boundary-layer parameters. Finally turbulent heating augmentation ratios were determined for several body-point locations and correlated in terms of the boundary-layer momentum Reynolds number. = free stream Mach number Me = boundary-layer edge Mach number

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“…In preparation for the DYCOMS-II experiment, conducted in July 2001 (Stevens et al 2003), we based the plate temperature calibration on a signal voltage produced by the embedded top-and bottom-plate thermocouples and thermocouple reference functions (Burns et al 1993). The calibration procedure was revised in 2002, in preparation for HiCu, when we utilized both signal voltage from a second pair of thermocouples (the calibration thermometers; physically attached to the top and bottom surfaces of the plates), plus signal voltage from the embedded thermocouples, and reference functions to establish an updated calibration.…”

Section: A Plate Temperature Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Supersaturation in the Wyoming CCN Instrument

Snider

Petters

Wechsler

et al. 2006

Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology

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Two thermal diffusion cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) instruments were intercompared using a nearly monodisperse test aerosol composed of sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate. The main objective of this work is the determination of the maximum steady-state supersaturation within a thermal diffusion chamber. This required analysis of the uncertainties associated with the calibration of the instrument's plate temperature and light scattering measurement systems.The fraction of test particles activating to form cloud droplets, the activated fraction, was evaluated over a range of dry particle diameters at four supersaturations. Values of both the particle size, corresponding to an activated fraction equal to 0.5, and the width of a fitted activation function were derived. The former was used to evaluate the maximum steady-state chamber supersaturation. These studies reveal three significant findings. First, the derived chamber supersaturation is ϳ40% smaller than values based on temperature measured at the top and bottom of the diffusion chamber. Second, using deliquesced test particles, mobility selected at a prescribed relative humidity, it is shown that the 40% discrepancy is not the result of a test particle shape effect. Third, the width of the activation function is substantially larger than the width of the test particle size spectra.Plausible explanations for the 40% bias are considered. Contributors are the unintentional overestimation of the temperature difference imposed across the CCN chamber and the implicit assumption that water at the top and bottom of the CCN chamber has a vapor pressure equal to that over pure water.

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Temperature-electromotive force reference functions and tables for the letter-designated thermocouple types based on the ITS-90

Cited by 63 publications

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A high temperature apparatus for measurement of the Seebeck coefficient

A high temperature apparatus for measurement of the Seebeck coefficient

Aeroheating Testing and Predictions for Project Orion CEV at Turbulent Conditions

Supersaturation in the Wyoming CCN Instrument

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