Temperature Effects on Fuel Thermal Stability

Chin, J. S.; Lefebvre, A. H.; Sun, Fei

doi:10.1115/1.2906596

Cited by 27 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In general, significant fuel contamination occurs as liquid fuel heats to temperatures above 400 K (260•F) within passages with wall metal temperatures above 540 K (500°F). The deposition rates increase as these fuel and metal temperatures are further increased (Chin, 1991). Fuel contamination on the face of conventional injectors is a problem when liquid impinges on metal surfaces in the range of 400 to 700 K (260 to 800°F) At temperatures above 700 K fuel contamination levels decrease because the hydrocarbon compounds that make up the fuel contamination are oxidized and "burned away" nearly as fast as they are deposited.…”

Section: Fuel Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Dual-Fuel Injection System for Lean Premixed Industrial Gas Turbines

Cowell¹,

Rajput²,

Rawlins³

1996

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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A fuel injection system for industrial gas turbine engines capable of using natural gas and liquid fuel in dry, lean premixed combustion is under development to significantly reduce NOx and CO emissions. The program has resulted in a design capable of operating on DF#2 over the 80 to 100% engine load range meeting the current TA LUFT regulations of 96 ppm (dry, @ 15% O2) NOx and 78 ppm CO. When operating on natural gas the design meets the guaranteed levels of 25 ppm NOx and 50 ppm CO. The design approach is to apply lean premixed combustion technology to liquid fuel. Both injector designs introduce the majority of the diesel fuel via airblast alomization into a premixing passage where fuel vaporization and air-fuel premixing occur. Secondary fuel injection occurs through a pilot fuel passage which operates in a partially premixed mode. Development is completed through injector modeling, flow visualization, combustion rig testing, and engine testing. The prototype design tested in development engine environments has operated with NOx emissions below 65 ppm and 20 ppm CO at full load. This paper includes a detailed discussion of the injector design and qualification testing completed on this development hardware.

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Section: Fuel Contaminationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Dual-Fuel Injection System for Lean Premixed Industrial Gas Turbines

Cowell¹,

Rajput²,

Rawlins³

1996

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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“…Above 530°F, the 40 kcal/mole activation energy line is typical of a homogeneous oxidation reaction (liquid phase) (Marteney and Spadaccini, 1986). At very high fuel temperatures (> 800°F (700°K)) the coking mechanism is pyrolysis controlled (Chin and Lefebvre, 1991).…”

Section: Fuel Passage Surface Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innovative High Temperature Aircraft Engine Fuel Nozzle Design

Stickles¹,

Dodds²,

Koblish³

et al. 1992

Volume 3: Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Combustion and Fuels; Oil and Gas Applications; Cycle Innovations

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The objective of the Innovative High Temperature Aircraft Engine Fuel Nozzle Program was to design and evaluate a nozzle capable of operating at a combustor inlet air temperature of 1600°F (1144°K) and a fuel temperature of 350°F (450°K). The nozzle was designed to meet the same performance requirements and fit within the size envelope of a current production F404 dual orifice fuel nozzle. The design approach was to use improved thermal protection and fuel passage geometry in combination with fuel passage surface treatment to minimize coking at these extreme fuel and air temperatures. Heat transfer models of several fuel injector concepts were used to optimize the thermal protection, while a series of sample tube coking tests were run to evaluate the effect of surface finish, coatings and tube material on the coking rate. Based on heat transfer analysis, additional air gaps, reduced fuel passage flow area and ceramic tip components reduced local fuel wetted wall temperatures by more than 200°F (110°K) when compared to a current production F404 fuel nozzle. Sample tube coking test results showed the importance of surface finish on the fuel coking rate. Therefore, a 1 micro-inch (.025 micron) roughness was specified for all fuel passage surfaces. A novel flow divider valve in the tip was also employed to reduce weight, allow room for additional thermal protection, and provide back pressure to reduce the risk of fuel vaporization. Phase II of this program will evaluate the fuel nozzle with a series of contaminated fuel and coking tests.

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“…Many experimental − and numerical investigations − have been performed with the aim of understanding the deposit formation and oxidation processes of hydrocarbon fuels. In general, for the formation of deposition coke in fuel during heat transfer, the amount of dissolved oxygen, , cooling channel geometries, − operational conditions, , fluid dynamics, buoyancy, heat-transfer characteristics, additives, heating time, , and temperature , affect the coking characteristics of a system. In a limited oxidation deposition mechanism study, a nine-step model was developed by Katta and co-workers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study on Oxidation Deposition Properties of Aviation Kerosene

2018

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In the fuel cooling system of an engine, the heating of aviation kerosene causes it to exhibit complicated, unsteady physicochemical processes and forms undesirable coke deposition. To understand these processes better, we investigated the coupling relationship between turbulent flow, heat transfer, autoxidation, and deposition reactions of fuel in a cooling heat exchanger. The experiments were performed to investigate the whole process within 105 min, separated into five continuous phases of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 105 min, with a heat flux of 38.6 kW/m2. On the basis of the experimental results, we established a three-dimensional model to study the influence of kerosene’s heat-transfer process on oxidation deposition in a long, straight, horizontal pipe under supercritical pressure condition. A modified six-step, pseudo-detailed chemical kinetic and global deposition mechanism has been incorporated into the numerical model with particular attention to temperature variation. The model was validated based on the quantity of deposition and dissolved oxygen consumption rate under different experimental temperatures and heating times. We then analyzed the fluid dynamics profiles and physical parameters of density, specific heat, viscosity, and Reynolds number, species, and deposition rates along the reactor, micrographs, and surface elements of deposition at various temperatures to understand the coupling effect between heat transfer and coke deposition. The results indicated that supercritical characteristics of both the fuel and deposition affect the local heat-transfer characteristics, resulting in some instabilities in the wall temperature distribution. The fuel temperature determines the regime of the chemical reactions in the flow, and the flow conditions and wall temperature determine the deposition rate at the local position of the inner surface.

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Temperature Effects on Fuel Thermal Stability

Cited by 27 publications

References 0 publications

Development of a Dual-Fuel Injection System for Lean Premixed Industrial Gas Turbines

Development of a Dual-Fuel Injection System for Lean Premixed Industrial Gas Turbines

Innovative High Temperature Aircraft Engine Fuel Nozzle Design

Experimental and Numerical Study on Oxidation Deposition Properties of Aviation Kerosene

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