Temperature Effects on Fuel Thermal Stability

Chin, J. S.; Lefebvre, A. H.; Sun, Fei

doi:10.1115/91-gt-097

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This mirrors the compositional trends that were observed during the kinetics measurements. Moreover, similar compositional trends have also been observed by other workers with different approaches. − ,,− , …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

“…However, in other advanced propulsion applications such as actively cooled hypersonic vehicles, the use of high-temperature alloys and longer average residence time can result in even greater fuel bulk temperatures. Rocket kerosenes that consist of mainly isoparaffins in the as-delivered fluid show breakdown into polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, some light gases (hydrogen, methane, ethane, and lower olefins), and coke particles that consist of carbonaceous structures. ,− …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Method and Apparatus for the Thermal Stress of Complex Fluids: Application to Fuels

Bruno

Windom

2011

Energy Fuels

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In this brief article we describe a simple apparatus that can produce sufficient quantities of thermally stressed complex fluids (such as fuels) to allow a full range of thermophysical property measurements to be performed on the resulting fluid. The apparatus operates in a continuous rather than batch mode, and consists of a high pressure pump, a reactor section, a quench, and a collection vessel. The apparatus is capable of operation to 55 MPa, 600 °C, with residence periods that are chosen on the basis of a wide range of fluid flow rates. Automation of the temperature and pressure control allows for safe, unattended operation. We have used this apparatus to generate thermally stressed rocket kerosene (RP-1 and RP-2) at 475 and 510 °C, and at a pressure of 17 MPa. We have verified that the thermally stressed fluid is comparable in composition to fluids that result from careful thermal decomposition kinetics measurements that are done in ampule reactors.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Method and Apparatus for the Thermal Stress of Complex Fluids: Application to Fuels

Bruno

Windom

2011

Energy Fuels

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“…2,3 Many experimental 4−6 and numerical investigations 7−10 have been performed with the aim of understanding the deposit formation and oxidation processes of hydrocarbon fuels. In general, for the formation of deposition coke in fuel during heat transfer, the amount of dissolved oxygen, 11,12 cooling channel geometries, 13−15 operational conditions, 16,17 fluid dynamics, 13 buoyancy, 18 heat-transfer characteristics, 19 additives, 6 heating time, 5,20 and temperature 4,21 affect the coking characteristics of a system. In a limited oxidation deposition mechanism study, a nine-step model was developed by Katta and co-workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental and Numerical Study on Oxidation Deposition Properties of Aviation Kerosene

2018

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In the fuel cooling system of an engine, the heating of aviation kerosene causes it to exhibit complicated, unsteady physicochemical processes and forms undesirable coke deposition. To understand these processes better, we investigated the coupling relationship between turbulent flow, heat transfer, autoxidation, and deposition reactions of fuel in a cooling heat exchanger. The experiments were performed to investigate the whole process within 105 min, separated into five continuous phases of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 105 min, with a heat flux of 38.6 kW/m2. On the basis of the experimental results, we established a three-dimensional model to study the influence of kerosene’s heat-transfer process on oxidation deposition in a long, straight, horizontal pipe under supercritical pressure condition. A modified six-step, pseudo-detailed chemical kinetic and global deposition mechanism has been incorporated into the numerical model with particular attention to temperature variation. The model was validated based on the quantity of deposition and dissolved oxygen consumption rate under different experimental temperatures and heating times. We then analyzed the fluid dynamics profiles and physical parameters of density, specific heat, viscosity, and Reynolds number, species, and deposition rates along the reactor, micrographs, and surface elements of deposition at various temperatures to understand the coupling effect between heat transfer and coke deposition. The results indicated that supercritical characteristics of both the fuel and deposition affect the local heat-transfer characteristics, resulting in some instabilities in the wall temperature distribution. The fuel temperature determines the regime of the chemical reactions in the flow, and the flow conditions and wall temperature determine the deposition rate at the local position of the inner surface.

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Innovative High-Temperature Aircraft Engine Fuel Nozzle Design

Stickles¹,

Dodds²,

Koblish³

et al. 1993

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

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The objective of the Innovative High-Temperature Aircraft Engine Fuel Nozzle Program was to design and evaluate a nozzle capable of operating at a combustor inlet air temperature of 1600°F (1144 K) and a fuel temperature of 350°F (450 K). The nozzle was designed to meet the same performance requirements and fit within the size envelope of a current production F404 dual orifice fuel nozzle. The design approach was to use improved thermal protection and fuel passage geometry in combination with fuel passage surface treatment to minimize coking at these extreme fuel and air temperatures. Heat transfer models of several fuel injector concepts were used to optimize the thermal protection, while a series of sample tube coking tests were run to evaluate the effect of surface finish, coatings, and tube material on the coking rate. Based on heat transfer analysis, additional air gaps, reduced fuel passage flow area, and ceramic tip components reduced local fuel wetted wall temperatures by more than 200°F (110 K) when compared to a current production F404 fuel nozzle. Sample tube coking test results showed the importance of surface finish on the fuel coking rate. Therefore, a 1 μin. (0.025 μm) roughness was specified for all fuel passage surfaces. A novel flow divider valve in the tip was also employed to reduce weight, allow room for additional thermal protection, and provide back pressure to reduce the risk of fuel vaporization. Phase II of this program will evaluate the fuel nozzle with a series of contaminated fuel and coking tests.

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Temperature Effects on Fuel Thermal Stability

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Method and Apparatus for the Thermal Stress of Complex Fluids: Application to Fuels

Method and Apparatus for the Thermal Stress of Complex Fluids: Application to Fuels

Experimental and Numerical Study on Oxidation Deposition Properties of Aviation Kerosene

Innovative High-Temperature Aircraft Engine Fuel Nozzle Design

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