Temperature effects on electrical transport in semiconducting nanoporous carbon nanowires

Samuel, B. A.; Rajagopalan, Ramakrishnan; Foley, Henry C.; Haque, M. Shamsul

doi:10.1088/0957-4484/19/27/275702

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The activation energy obtained by fitting a plot of ln( σ ) versus T -1 from the resistance measurement results was approximately 0.146 eV. This small activation energy of the carbon nanowire is also found in predominantly sp 2 carbonaceous materials such as pyrolyzed polyfurfuryl alcohol nanowires [13] and confirms that the composition of the suspended carbon nanowire is mainly non-graphitizing sp 2 bonded carbons.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The inverse proportionality of temperature and resistance is indicative of the semiconductor-like behavior of the suspended carbon nanowire. The electrical conduction mechanism in disordered carbon is explained by a hopping-based mechanism at low temperatures (<250 K) [28] and a thermally activated mechanism at higher temperatures (>250 K) [13]. As we made measurements at temperatures above room temperature, the following relationship of conductivity vs. temperature applies [13].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) [12-14] and photosensitive polymers [5,10,15,16] are widely used as polymeric precursors for glassy carbon. Glassy carbon nanowires were fabricated, for example, by the pyrolysis of poly furfuryl alcohol nanowires polymerized in the pores of a nanoporous alumina template and subsequent template removal [13]. These nanowires exhibited semiconductor-type electrical properties as also found in semiconducting amorphous materials [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monolithic carbon structures including suspended single nanowires and nanomeshes as a sensor platform

et al. 2013

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With the development of nanomaterial-based nanodevices, it became inevitable to develop cost-effective and simple nanofabrication technologies enabling the formation of nanomaterial assembly in a controllable manner. Herein, we present suspended monolithic carbon single nanowires and nanomeshes bridging two bulk carbon posts, fabricated in a designed manner using two successive UV exposure steps and a single pyrolysis step. The pyrolysis step is accompanied with a significant volume reduction, resulting in the shrinkage of micro-sized photoresist structures into nanoscale carbon structures. Even with the significant elongation of the suspended carbon nanowire induced by the volume reduction of the bulk carbon posts, the resultant tensional stress along the nanowire is not significant but grows along the wire thickness; this tensional stress gradient and the bent supports of the bridge-like carbon nanowire enhance structural robustness and alleviate the stiction problem that suspended nanostructures frequently experience. The feasibility of the suspended carbon nanostructures as a sensor platform was demonstrated by testing its electrochemical behavior, conductivity-temperature relationship, and hydrogen gas sensing capability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Monolithic carbon structures including suspended single nanowires and nanomeshes as a sensor platform

et al. 2013

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“…Moreover, the I-V curve non-linearity presented in Fig. 2a can be explained by the fact that electric transport in disordered carbons like glassy carbon is generally caused by thermally-activated, hopping conduction [37][38][39][40].…”

Section: Electrical Probing Of Carbon Nanofibersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanogap fabrication by Joule heating of electromechanically spun suspended carbon nanofibers

Salazar

Cardenas‐Benitez

Pramanick

et al. 2017

Carbon

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We present Suspended Carbon Nanofibers featuring a central nanometric gap fabricated by integration of Electro-Mechanical Spinning, pyrolysis of ultraviolet-cured microstructures and a Joule heating process. Photopatterned walls were used to suspend polymeric electrospun fibers based on a solution of SU-8. After pyrolysis, the complete structure was converted into a monolithic carbon microstructure featuring stable ohmic contact between the suspended fibers and the supporting walls without the need of further processing. By applying an electrical bias through the electrodes, the wire can be gradually thinned by excessive Joule heating, eventually forming a nanogap. The maximum supported current density in the fibers was found to be of the order of 10 5 A/cm 2 . Furthermore, the electrical characteristics of carbon nanofibers and the dimensions of the nanogaps were demonstrated to be dependent on the length of the fiber and atmosphere conditions, i.e. air or vacuum. A finite element simulation was used to gain insight into the influence of length on nanogap size. The shorter fibers modeled portrayed a significantly steeper temperature gradient, which agrees with the experimental observation of smaller gaps.The presented method facilitates an inexpensive manufacturing technique of nanogaps as small as 12 nm, holding potential for the preparation molecular electronics devices.

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“…It is important to note that all these applications require comprehensive characterization of the electrical conductivity of the nanoscale glassy carbon. The literature contains ample information on the bulk glassy carbon properties [7-9, 25, 26], but only a few studies are available that investigate the size effect on electrical properties at the nanoscale [27,28]. For example, compared to microporous bulk glassy carbon, a nanoporous nanowire has higher surface area/volume ratio, as well as defects due to the presence of 5-and 7-membered aromatic rings and uncoordinated carbon surface atoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanowires

Lentz

Samuel

Foley

et al. 2011

Journal of Nanomaterials

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The advent of carbon-based micro- and nanoelectromechanical systems has revived the interest in glassy carbon, whose properties are relatively unknown at lower dimensions. In this paper, electrical conductivity of individual glassy carbon nanowires was measured as a function of microstructure (controlled by heat treatment temperature) and ambient temperature. The semiconducting nanowires with average diameter of 150 nm were synthesized from polyfurfuryl alcohol precursors and characterized using transmission electron and Raman microscopy. DC electrical measurements made at 90 K to 450 K show very strong dependence of temperature, following mixed modes of activation energy and hopping-based conduction.

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Temperature effects on electrical transport in semiconducting nanoporous carbon nanowires

Cited by 11 publications

References 36 publications

Monolithic carbon structures including suspended single nanowires and nanomeshes as a sensor platform

Monolithic carbon structures including suspended single nanowires and nanomeshes as a sensor platform

Nanogap fabrication by Joule heating of electromechanically spun suspended carbon nanofibers

Synthesis and Characterization of Glassy Carbon Nanowires

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