Temperature effects on diffusion coefficient for 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol in subcritical water extraction

Anisa, Nor Ilia; Azian, Noor; Sharizan, Mohd; Iwai, Yoshio

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/495/1/012009

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The results indicated that with an increase in the drying temperature, the 6- and 8-shogaol contents increased in the rhizomes. This could be due to hydrolysis of gingerol to shogaol at high temperatures, which has been reported in previous studies [20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Variation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade Associated with Different Drying Methods and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity

2016

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Abstract:The effects of different drying methods (freeze drying, vacuum oven drying, and shade drying) on the phytochemical constituents associated with the antioxidant activities of Z. officinale var. rubrum Theilade were evaluated to determine the optimal drying process for these rhizomes. Total flavonoid content (TFC), total phenolic content (TPC), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Individual phenolic acids and flavonoids, 6-and 8-gingerol and shogaol were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method. Ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays were used for the evaluation of antioxidant activities. The highest reduction in moisture content was observed after freeze drying (82.97%), followed by vacuum oven drying (80.43%) and shade drying (72.65%). The highest TPC, TFC, and 6-and 8-shogaol contents were observed in samples dried by the vacuum oven drying method compared to other drying methods. The highest content of 6-and 8-gingerol was observed after freeze drying, followed by vacuum oven drying and shade drying methods. Fresh samples had the highest PPO activity and lowest content of flavonoid and phenolic acid compounds compared to dried samples. Rhizomes dried by the vacuum oven drying method represent the highest DPPH (52.9%) and FRAP activities (566.5 µM of Fe (II)/g DM), followed by freeze drying (48.3% and 527.1 µM of Fe (II)/g DM, respectively) and shade drying methods (37.64% and 471.8 µM of Fe (II)/g DM, respectively) with IC 50 values of 27.2, 29.1, and 34.8 µg/mL, respectively. Negative and significant correlations were observed between PPO and antioxidant activity of rhizomes. Vacuum oven dried rhizomes can be utilized as an ingredient for the development of value-added food products as they contain high contents of phytochemicals with valuable antioxidant potential.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Variation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade Associated with Different Drying Methods and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity

2016

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“…35 This condition causes the weakening of the hydrogen bonds in water, and results in the auto-ionization of water into hydronium ions (H3O + ) which functions as an acid catalyst in accelerating the dehydration of gingerols into shogaols. An increase in the yield of shogaol from hydrothermal extraction was also reported by [41] who studied the effect of extraction temperature (110°C-170°C), a ratio of ginger powder:water 1:10 at a pressure of 3.5 MPs for 60 minutes. The researcher stated that the higher the subcritical water extraction temperature, the higher the shogaol yield.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Response surface methodology of subcritical water-reactive extraction of gingerol to shogaol ginger dregs through ultraviolet light pretreatment

Yulianto,

Jos,

2024

Int J Chem Biochem Sci

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The increase of shogaol production through reactive extraction of subcritical water depends on the stages of the pretreatment process in destroying the cellular cells of ginger pulp. Pretreatment using ultraviolet B (UVB) is predicted to be able to damage cellular cell walls and outer cell membranes (plasmalemma). In addition, to initiate the degradation of gingerols to shogaols, the reaction conversion and selectivity of shogaols are increased. This study aimed to examine the optimum process conditions for the subcritical water-reactive extraction of gingerol to shogaol from the ginger pulp by utilizing UVB pretreatment: reactive extraction temperature (110 – 130oC), ratio solvent/feed (22:1 – 32:1 b/b), and time (10 – 30 minutes). The extract of shogaol in solvent was separated from the raffinate with a separator funnel and analysed using HPLC-MS. Interpretation of experimental data to optimize the reactive extraction process used the Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The study results show that at 120°C, solvent:inlet ratio 27:1 for 20 minutes through ultraviolet B-light pretreatment for 10 minutes, the yield of shogaol increased from 177 µg/L (without UV) to 18646 µg/L. Moreover, the RSM model was very good at predicting shogaol acquisition responses with a determination coefficient of R2 to be 0.8554. The optimum condition for reactive extraction through UV-B light pretreatment was reached at a temperature of 121.46°C and an inlet solvent ratio of 27.96 at 18.36 minutes, with a shogaol concentration of 18567.1 µg /L.

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“…This solvent transport extracted solutes into the liquid in the distillation flask (Luque de Castro and Priego-Capote, 2010). According to Anisa et al (2014), Soxhlet extraction with ethanol resulted in the highest yield of 6-gingerol (8.40 mg/g) at 78.1 o C for 8 h with a solvent to solid ratio of 4:1. In another research, Said et al (2015) compared Soxhlet extraction with ultrasonic-assisted extraction for isolation of 6-gingerol under different solvents and temperatures.…”

Section: Conventional Extraction Methods Of 6-gingerolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraction, purification, food applications, and recent advances for enhancing the bioavailability of 6-gingerol from ginger – A review

Arachchilage

Young

Choo

2022

Qual. Assur. Saf. Crops Foods

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6-Gingerol is the major pharmacologically active component of ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome widely used in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. Various extraction and purification methods have been devel-oped to obtain highly purified 6-gingerol. 6-Gingerol can be extracted using conventional and nonconventional extraction techniques. Hydroalcoholic solutions and liquid CO2 are the most suitable solvents for the extraction of 6-gingerol, while microwave-assisted extraction is the best extraction method. High-speed counter-current chro-matography is the purification technique resulting in the highest purity of 6-gingerol. Despite the various biological properties of 6-gingerol, the low bioavailability of 6-gingerol is the main challenge that limits its application. Novel encapsulation and solubilization techniques, including nanoemulsion, complexation, micelles, and solid dispersion methods, have been introduced to enhance the bioavailability of 6-gingerol, overcoming its limitations. 6-Gingerol showed potential applications as a natural antioxidant, preservative, and flavor enhancer as well as demonstrated a synergistic effect with different ingredients for maintaining the quality and shelf-life of the food products. The current work provides a comprehensive review of the prevailing techniques applied for extraction and purification of 6-gingerol from the rhizome of ginger, current research on the application of 6-gingerol in the food industry, and novel advances for increasing its bioavailability.

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Temperature effects on diffusion coefficient for 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol in subcritical water extraction

Cited by 12 publications

References 13 publications

Variation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade Associated with Different Drying Methods and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity

Variation of the Phytochemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade Associated with Different Drying Methods and Polyphenol Oxidase Activity

Response surface methodology of subcritical water-reactive extraction of gingerol to shogaol ginger dregs through ultraviolet light pretreatment

Extraction, purification, food applications, and recent advances for enhancing the bioavailability of 6-gingerol from ginger – A review

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