Temperature effect on lithium isotope separation by electrodialysis using La0.57Li0.29TiO3 electrolyte

Shin-mura, Kiyoto; Tokuyoshi, Ryoya; Tazoe, Hirofumi; Sasaki, Kazuya

doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2021.112577

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The range of D 6 /D 7 simulated is 1 to 1.08, within the range of values reported in literature. [23][24][25][26] Similar trends are observed regarding the preferential 6 Li plating/ stripping processes for solid electrolytes as they were for liquid electrolytes, as shown in Figs. 5a and 5b, for a 1 mm cell length at 3 mA cm −2 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

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Modeling Isotope Separation in Electrochemical Lithium Deposition

Wild

Wang

Jin

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Naturally occurring Li consists of two stable isotopes, 6Li with an abundance of about 7.5%, and 7Li making up the remainder with 92.5%. The development of a 6Li enrichment technique, in terms of technical reliability and environmental safety to reach 6Li future requirements, represents a key step in the roadmap for nuclear fusion energy supply worldwide. This paper uses finite element analysis-based models to simulate electrochemical Li isotope separation, which is an attractive method in terms of simplicity, safety, and scalability. In the model, we quantitatively analyze how different electrochemical factors including thermodynamics, charge-transfer kinetics, and diffusivities affect the separation process (separation factor), together with cell parameters, such as cell length and current density. The maximum separation factor of 1.128 could be obtained with the cell under the optimal thermodynamic, kinetic, and diffusive conditions, which is among the highest separation factors ever reported. These results will assist in designing the actual isotope separation setup with large separation factor and appropriate timing for sample collection.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…lithium lanthanum titanate). 23,24 Therefore, here it is also studied how solid electrolytes with different D 6 /D 7 affect α. A major difference in simulating liquid and solid electrolytes is that liquid is a binary electrolyte where the anion has a diffusivity similar to cations (e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Isotope Separation in Electrochemical Lithium Deposition

Wild

Wang

Jin

et al. 2022

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…With the respect to the rate of transfer of 6 Li and 7 Li into water with electrodialysis, an Arrhenius-type dependence of temperature was concluded [ 28 ]. Overall, this study showed that the apparent activation energy of 7 Li is approximately 5% higher than that of 6 Li, and this is attributable to the quantum effect [ 28 ]. Nevertheless, 6 Li isotope separation factor was not calculated in the above-mentioned paper and further studies are needed.…”

Section: Challenges In Development Of Separation Methods For Lithium ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

New Trends in Separation Techniques of Lithium Isotopes: A Review of Chemical Separation Methods

Badea,

Niculescu,

Iordache

2023

Materials

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In terms of isotopic technologies, it is essential to be able to produce materials with an enriched isotopic abundance (i.e., a compound isotopic labelled with 2H, 13C, 6Li, 18O or 37Cl), which is one that differs from natural abundance. The isotopic-labelled compounds can be used to study different natural processes (like compounds labelled with 2H, 13C, or 18O), or they can be used to produce other isotopes as in the case of 6Li, which can be used to produce 3H, or to produce LiH that acts like a protection shield against fast neutrons. At the same time, 7Li isotope can be used as a pH controller in nuclear reactors. The COLEX process, which is currently the only technology available to produce 6Li at industrial scale, has environmental drawbacks due to generation of Hg waste and vapours. Therefore, there is a need for new eco-friendly technologies for separation of 6Li. The separation factor of 6Li/7Li with chemical extraction methods in two liquid phases using crown ethers is comparable to that of COLEX method, but has the disadvantages of low distribution coefficient of Li and the loss of crown ethers during the extraction. Electrochemical separation of lithium isotopes through the difference in migration rates between 6Li and 7Li is one of the green and promising alternatives for the separation of lithium isotopes, but this methodology requires complicated experimental setup and optimisation. Displacement chromatography methods like ion exchange in different experimental configurations have been also applied to enrich 6Li with promising results. Besides separation methods, there is also a need for development of new analysis methods (ICP-MS, MC-ICP-MS, TIMS) for reliable determination of Li isotope ratios upon enrichment. Considering all the above-mentioned facts, this paper will try to emphasize the current trends in separation techniques of lithium isotopes by exposing all the chemical separation and spectrometric analysis methods, and highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

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“…The first two were considered the most likely candidates to be used to produce the necessary quantities of 6 Li. More recently, other techniques of lithium isotopic separation have been reviewed, 8 including liquid exchange using crown ethers, 9,10 electromigration, 11−15 electrodialysis, 16 electrochemical separation in gel electrolyte, 17 and ionic liquids. 18,19 However, the most promising technique is that based on the electrodeposition or intercalation of lithium in metals, oxides, and graphite, reported by Oi and co-workers.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Substrate and the Morphology on Electrochemical Separation of Lithium Isotopes: Insights from DFT

Bellora,

Cabello,

Barral

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Chem. C

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The electrochemical separation of lithium isotopes has been revisited during the last years due to their applications in different aspects of nuclear technology, from the use of 7 Li in the chemical treatment of pressurized water reactors to the production of tritium from 6 Li for fusion nuclear plants. However, little is still known about the role played by each of the physicochemical variables in the separation factor, such as the applied overpotential, the electrolytes, or the materials used as electrodes. Particularly, a large isotope fractionation factor has been previously reported using planar nickel electrodes at very low overpotentials. In this work, we analyze how the electrode material (nickel or gold) and the morphology of the deposited lithium could affect the isotopic separation by means of Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations. We consider the isotopic equilibrium exchange reaction between two phases: the strongly solvated lithium in solution and the adsorbed lithium structure onto the metallic substrates. The results suggest that there is a strong correlation between the strength of the deposited lithium bonds and the obtained fractionation. For the considered phases in equilibrium, the morphology with fewer and weaker lithium bonds could greatly improve the electrochemical isotope separation. Furthermore, we find that the bonding between lithium and the nickel surface is detrimental toward the enrichment. The calculations of lithium deposited onto gold indicate weaker bonds and, consequently, on average a larger fractionation factor R. These findings could guide the development of better electrochemical processes for lithium isotope separation, by clarifying not only the role of the lithium morphology, but also its relationship with the cathode material. DFT simulations have proven to be a useful tool to search for new materials that promote electrochemical isotopic separation.

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Temperature effect on lithium isotope separation by electrodialysis using La0.57Li0.29TiO3 electrolyte

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Modeling Isotope Separation in Electrochemical Lithium Deposition

Modeling Isotope Separation in Electrochemical Lithium Deposition

New Trends in Separation Techniques of Lithium Isotopes: A Review of Chemical Separation Methods

Effect of the Substrate and the Morphology on Electrochemical Separation of Lithium Isotopes: Insights from DFT

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