Temperature effect on aqueous NH4CN polymerization: Relationship between kinetic behaviour and structural properties

Mas, Itziar; Fuente, José Luis de la; Ruíz-Bermejo, Marta

doi:10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109719

Cited by 18 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…2a. This result is in agreement with previous works, in which high temperatures increase the deamination/denitrogenation processes 9 . The molar C/N relationship achieved a maximum value of 1.23 for NH 4 CN polymers synthetized at 90 °C and at a higher conversion under anoxic conditions 12 , but in the present case, this value is 1.31.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

“…Significantly, for reactions in the presence of air, moderate conversions of ~ 12% appear at the lowest reaction times, 2 min, and almost immediately a conversion plateau of approximately 18% is reached. This value is lower than those obtained when the polymerization reactions were used under conventional heating (maximum yield ~ 40%), but it is in agreement with the fact that the conversion limit for insoluble cyanide polymers decreases with an increasing reaction temperature 9 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…2d. For details about the assignment of these bands, please see 9,10,12,31 ). The intensity of the nitrile bands (close to 2200 cm −1 ) is lower in reactions under the presence of air; conversely, the intensity of the bands related to unsaturated bonds (1645 cm −1 , C=C and/or C=N) is lower in the anoxic series.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FT-IR spectroscopy and powder XRD were performed using the same measuring equipment and parameters reported previously in reference 10 . The parameter records of the UV-vis spectra are described in references 9…”

Section: Characterisation Of the Sol And Gel Fractions For The Strucmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these prebiotic polymers have recently inspired new coatings for potential biomedical and materials science applications [2][3][4] , such as bone contacting 5 , antibacterial coatings 6 or passive filtration for stormwater/greywater disinfection 7 , and a new family of photocatalysers for the purification of wastewater 8 . On the other hand, the structural properties of these HCN polymers (and hence their potential applications) as well as the single biomolecules and related organics found in them via chromatographic analysis all depend directly on the synthetic conditions used for their production [9][10][11][12][13] . However, despite the considerable developments in the area of microwave-assisted organic synthesis and polymerization in recent decades [14][15][16][17] , only one report describes the production of HCN-derived polymers from formamide using microwave radiation 18 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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A dual perspective on the microwave-assisted synthesis of HCN polymers towards the chemical evolution and design of functional materials

Hortal

Pérez-Fernández

Fuente

et al. 2020

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In this paper, the first study on NH4CN polymerization induced by microwave radiation is described, where a singular kinetic behaviour, especially when this reaction is conducted in the absence of air, is found. As a result, a complex conjugated N-heterocyclic polymer system is obtained, whose properties are very different, and even improved according to morphological features, characterized by their X-ray diffraction patterns and scanning electron microscopy analysis, with respect to those produced under conventional thermal treatment. In addition, a wide variety of relevant bioorganics have been identified, such as amino acids, nucleobases, co-factors, etc., from the synthetized NH4CN polymers. These particular families of polymers are of high interest in the fields of astrobiology and prebiotic chemistry and, more recently, in the development of smart multifunctional materials. From an astrobiological perspective, microwave-driven syntheses may simulate hydrothermal environments, which are considered ideal niches for increasing organic molecular complexity, and eventually as scenarios for an origin of life. From an industrial point of view and for potential applications, a microwave irradiation process leads to a notable decrease in the reaction times, and tune the properties of these new series macromolecular systems. The characteristics found for these materials encourage the development of further systematic research on this alternative HCN polymerization.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%