Temperature, Disease, and Death in London: Analyzing Weekly Data for the Century from 1866 to 1965

Hanlon, W. Walker; Hansen, Casper Worm; Kantor, Jake

doi:10.1017/s0022050720000613

Cited by 10 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Woods and Shelton (1997, p. 48, Figure 12), Woods (2000, p. 275, Figure 7.12) and Galley (2021, p. 123, Figure 4) have very effectively illustrated the fact that England and Wales' infant mortality rate (IMR) remained relatively stable over the second half of the 19th century, before rising across the 1890s and then turning sharply downwards at the start of the 20th century. Woods and his associates (Woods, 2000;Woods et al, 1988Woods et al, , 1989) demonstrated that the increase in the IMR during the 1890s was due to an upsurge in diarrhoeal deaths as the inadequate sanitation systems and poor hygiene in urban areas were severely strained by a series of long hot, dry summers in the later part of the decade (see Hanlon et al, 2021). More recently, Galley (2021) has suggested that more analysis of the relationship between infant mortality and the weather is needed before any firm conclusions can be reached on the nature of the interaction between them.…”

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What was Killing Babies in Ipswich Between 1872 and 1909?

Garrett¹,

Reid²

2022

hlcs

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This paper examines the causes of infant mortality for the port town of Ipswich between 1872 and 1909. Ipswich is the only town in England for which a complete run of computer-readable, individual-level causes of death are available in the late 19th and early 20th century. Our work makes use of the ICD10h coding system being developed to contribute to two projects: Digitising Scotland (University of Edinburgh) and SHiP — Studying the history of Health in Port Cities (Radboud University, Nijmegen). We consider annual and quinquennial mortality rates amongst Ipswich's youngest residents by age, sex, seasonality and cause. The individual causes of death not only offer insight into conditions in the town, but also highlight questions concerning how best to interpret the information provided when both medical terminology and registration practices were changing over the decades of the study. Ipswich infant mortality rates very closely mirrored those of England as a whole, rather than the most unhealthy large cities, such as Liverpool or Manchester. It becomes clear that birth itself was a major cause of neonatal, even some post-neonatal, deaths. While water-food borne diseases killed large numbers in the summer months, it was the ever-present airborne diseases which carried off a greater number of small victims. Although the records offer a rich vein of data to explore, some causes of death, such as convulsions and teething, remain enigmatic and require further research.

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What was Killing Babies in Ipswich Between 1872 and 1909?

Garrett¹,

Reid²

2022

hlcs

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“…It is estimated that a one‐percentage‐point increase in the population with access to a constant water supply caused as much as a 0.4 per cent reduction in mortality from waterborne disease. Among other articles on the topic of London was one by Hanlon et al., who analyse the effect of temperature on mortality in the capital city over the century from 1866 to 1965. Using weekly temperature data and weekly mortality data disaggregated by cause and age group, they arrive at a number of conclusions.…”

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Review of periodical literature for 2021

Varian

2022

The Economic History Review

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Occasionally, several articles published in the same year converge upon a quite specific theme. Sometimes, the convergence may be attributed to newly available data, for example, from population censuses, or to a significant anniversary, for example, the centenary of the First World War. Other times, it may arise from an ambitious programme of research having come to fruition. Yet, especially for the heavily studied period from 1850 to 1945, there are occasions when the clustering of articles around a closely circumscribed theme happens, seemingly, by chance. These serendipitous convergences afford readers of economic and social history a more comprehensive treatment of topics than would have been expected. One of the purposes of this review (and one of the joys of the reviewer) is to bring these convergences to the attention of economic and social historians.In 2021, no less than five articles converged, serendipitously, on the topic of British emigration to Australasia. These articles spanned six authors and three journals, viz. Australian Economic History Review, Historical Research, and Social History of Medicine. Relying on shipping records, Ward estimates that, during the period from 1852 to 1915, approximately 20 per cent of British emigrants to the colony of Victoria eventually returned to Britain. The returning migrants, who were mostly women, were strongly influenced by social networks. Ward's article includes both quantitative analysis and biographical vignettes of returning migrants. One of these migrants was Annie Martlew, who emigrated from Liverpool to Melbourne in 1884, only to return two decades later as a widow with five young children, motivated by the existence of a stronger support network in Britain. Social networks are a potential explanation for a paradox identified by Hatton in his study of emigration from the United Kingdom to the Anglosphere during the late nineteenth century. Surprisingly, he finds that emigrants to Australia and New Zealand were, on average, more skilled than emigrants to Canada and the United States, despite wages exhibiting a higher skill premium in North America. Hatton speculates that the lower skill content of emigrants from the United Kingdom-importantly, including Ireland-to the United States (vis-à-vis migrants to Australasia) might be due to the presence of greater networks of previous migrants there. Leaving aside the skill content of migrants, the sheer number of migrants to Australasia was positively influenced byThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Cliometrics of Child Health

Ogasawara

2024

Handbook of Cliometrics

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Temperature, Disease, and Death in London: Analyzing Weekly Data for the Century from 1866 to 1965

Cited by 10 publications

References 50 publications

What was Killing Babies in Ipswich Between 1872 and 1909?

What was Killing Babies in Ipswich Between 1872 and 1909?

Review of periodical literature for 2021

Cliometrics of Child Health

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