Temperature Differences in the Oesophagus

Whitby, J. D.; Dunkin, L.J.

doi:10.1093/bja/40.12.991

Cited by 57 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Probes inserted insufficiently far may thus be cooled by respiratory gases in the adjacent trachea. While our routine practice is to insert the probes about 40 cm which is enough, 34 we cannot determine how often probes were only proximally inserted. Similarly, we have no way of determining the extent to which temperatures monitored at less reliable sites might have been inadvertently coded as esophageal temperatures in our electronic record.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Core Temperature Patterns, Transfusion Requirement, and Hospital Duration in Patients Warmed with Forced Air

et al. 2015

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Background Core temperature patterns in patients warmed with forced-air remain poorly characterized. Also unknown is the extent to which transient and mild intraoperative hypothermia contributes to adverse outcomes in broad populations. Methods We evaluated esophageal (core) temperatures in 58,814 adults having surgery lasting >60 min who were warmed with forced air. Independent associations between hypothermic exposure and transfusion requirement and duration of hospitalization was evaluated. Results In every percentile subgroup, core temperature decreased during the first hour and subsequently increased. The mean lowest core temperature during the first hour was 35.7 ± 0.6°C. Sixty-four percent of the patients reached a core temperature threshold of <36°C 45 min after induction; 29% reached a core temperature threshold of <35.5°C. Nearly half the patients had continuous core temperatures <36°C for more than an hour, and 20% of the patients were <35.5°C for more than an hour. Twenty percent of patients had continuous core temperatures <36°C for more than 2 h, and 8% of the patients were below 35.5°C for more than 2 h. Hypothermia was independently associated with both transfusion and duration of hospitalization, although prolongation of hospitalization was small. Conclusions Even in actively warmed patients, hypothermia is routine in the first hour of anesthesia. Thereafter, average core temperatures progressively increase. Nonetheless, intraoperative hypothermia was common, and often prolonged. Hypothermia was associated with increased transfusion requirement which is consistent with numerous randomized trials.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intraoperative Core Temperature Patterns, Transfusion Requirement, and Hospital Duration in Patients Warmed with Forced Air

et al. 2015

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“…Electronic oesophageal and rectal thermometers could be easily inserted. However, rectal measurements could be affected by stools, and the proper positioning of the oesophageal probe could not be checked (ideally in the lowest quarter of the oesophagus) [20]. In the same way, the use of patched probes could perhaps decrease the bias and the standard deviation observed in axillary and inguinal sites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature measurement in intensive care patients: comparison of urinary bladder, oesophageal, rectal, axillary, and inguinal methods versus pulmonary artery core method

et al. 2003

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“…Whilst the oesophagus is merely another conduit, its intimate contact with these structures, in combination with its relatively low heat capacity, means that its temperature is readily influenced by convective heat exchanges. There is also a longitudinal temperature gradient within the oesophagus (Cranston et al, 1954;Severinghaus, 1959;Whitby and Dunkin, 1968Caputa, 1980;Jaeger et al, 1980), but this is not merely a conductive gradient down to the mouth, but a gradient dictated by its contiguous structures.…”

Section: Oesophageal Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%