Following the pioneering work of
Sauvage and Stoddart on rotaxanes,
construction of higher dimensional polyrotaxanes in metal–organic
frameworks (MOFs) via a modified protocol is challenging. We present
the formation of a two-dimensional (2D) polyrotaxane and its conversion
to a three-dimensional (3D) polyrotaxane MOF via a photoreaction between
interdigitated “olefin wheels”. For this purpose, a
2-fold entangled 2D MOF [Pb2(bpp)(sdc)2] (1), showing a 2D + 2D → 2D polyrotaxane motif, has
been synthesized from the solvothermal reaction of lead(II) nitrate,
3,3′-stilbenedicarboxylic acid (H2sdc) containing
an olefin group, and 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)piperazine (bpp). The single-crystal
X-ray diffraction analysis of 1 revealed that the adjacent
entangled 2D layers are interdigitated, with the separation of 3.72
Å between CC bond pairs in adjacent layers satisfying
Schmidt’s criteria for the occurrence of a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition
reaction. Irradiation of the single crystals of 1 under
UV light resulted in formation of a 3D polyrotaxane, [Pb2(bpp)(rctt-tccb)]
n
(2), due to a [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction between two
wheels via a single-crystal to single-crystal transformation. The
photocycloaddition and partial thermal cleavage reaction between 1 and 2 were confirmed by 1H NMR and
powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) in solution and the solid state, respectively.
The present approach could contribute to the understanding of the
construction of higher dimensional polyrotaxanes which are not accessible
by the traditional routes.