Temperature-Dependent Egg Development of &lt;I&gt;Lygus hesperus&lt;/I&gt; (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Cooper, William C.; Spurgeon, D. W.

doi:10.1603/ec12311

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 14 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…To discern differences in molt timing that are induced by exogenous hormone treatments, it was necessary to slow the rate of development to elongate this postpeak period. Such developmental delays can be achieved by rearing Lygus at low temperatures (Champlain and Butler, ; Butler, ; Butler and Wardecker, ; Cooper and Spurgeon, ). To determine the timing of the adult molt under a low‐temperature regime, newly eclosed fifth instars were reared in an environmental chamber (model I30BLL, Percival Scientific, Perry, IA) set to 16.9 ± 1.0ºC (40–60% RH; 14:10 L:D).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lygus hesperus is the dominant pest Lygus species in the western United States (Schwartz and Footit, ) and is damaging to numerous crops (Scott, ). Although the pacing of L. hesperus development can be influenced by exogenous factors such as diet (Debolt, ), population density (Brent, ), and temperature (Champlain and Butler, ; Butler and Wardecker, ; Cooper and Spurgeon, , ), nothing is known of the coordination of these responses. This study provides the first detailed information on the underlying mechanisms regulating the adult molt of Lygus .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ECDYSTEROID AND CHITINASE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WESTERN TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus hesperus) PRIOR TO MOLT INDICATE ROLES IN DEVELOPMENT

Brent

Wang

Miao

et al. 2016

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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Vital physiological processes that drive the insect molt represent areas of interest for the development of alternative control strategies. The western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus Knight) is a pest of numerous agronomic and horticultural crops but the development of novel control approaches is impeded by limited knowledge of the mechanisms regulating its molt. To address this deficiency, we examined the fundamental relationship underlying the hormonal and molecular components of ecdysis. At 27°C L. hesperus exhibits a temporally controlled nymph-adult molt that occurs about 4 days after the final nymph-nymph molt with ecdysteroid levels peaking 2 days prior to the final molt. Application of exogenous ecdysteroids when endogenous levels had decreased disrupted the nymphal-adult molt, with treated animals exhibiting an inability to escape the old exoskeleton and resulting in mortality compared to controls. Using accessible transcriptomic data, we identified 10 chitinase-like sequences (LhCht), eight of which had protein motifs consistent with chitinases. Phylogenetic analyses revealed orthologous relationships to chitinases critical to molting in other insects. RT-PCR based transcript profiling revealed that expression changes to four of the LhChts was coordinated with the molt period and ecdysteroid levels. Collectively, our results support a role for ecdysteroid regulation of the L. hesperus molt and suggest that cuticle clearance is mediated by LhCht orthologs of chitinases that are essential to the molt process. These results provide the initial hormonal and molecular basis for future studies to investigate the specific roles of these components in molting.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ECDYSTEROID AND CHITINASE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WESTERN TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus hesperus) PRIOR TO MOLT INDICATE ROLES IN DEVELOPMENT

Brent

Wang

Miao

et al. 2016

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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“…This differed from the study conducted by Leigh et al (1974), which showed lygus populations increasing in plots with moister soil, such as were found in the OH plots. Studies have also reported that air temperature can influence the egg (Cooper and Spurgeon 2013) and reproductive (Spurgeon and Cooper 2012) development of Lygus sp., and hence the population dynamics, but these studies did not consider soil temperature per se. Differences in canopy temperature between the two irrigation systems were not measured in this study, but it can be speculated that the difference in canopy temperature between the two irrigation systems may not have been sufficiently different to create a difference in lygus populations.…”

Section: Crop Growth and Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subsurface Drip and Overhead Irrigation Effects on Conservation-tilled Cotton in the San Joaquin Valley

Hollingsworth

Mitchell

Munk³

et al. 2014

Journal of Crop Improvement

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Conservation cropping systems are being developed for cotton ( Gossypium spp.) traditionally grown on raised beds with several soil-disturbing tillage passes in the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) of California, USA. Overhead (OH) irrigation and subsurface drip irrigation (SSDI) systems are water-conserving techniques being tested with reduced tillage in the SJV. However, crop growth, yield, microclimate, and pest population dynamics in these systems have not been documented. A field study was conducted in 2011 and 2012 at Five Points, Calif., to evaluate the difference between the two irrigation systems. Cotton cv. Phytogen 725 RF was no-till planted into wheat residue. In both years, the soil surfaces in the OH plots were 1 • to 2 • C cooler and 5% to 15% wetter than the SSDI plots. These differences had no effect on crop growth, development, yield, or quality, but weed densities and biomass were lower in the SSDI than in the OH in both years. However, the SSDI plots had more spider mites ( Tetranychus sp.) than the OH plots in 2011. The study showed that cotton could be successfully grown with conservation tillage, high residue systems, with either OH or SSDI systems in the SJV.

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“…Several studies document the influences of constant temperatures on development and mortality of L. hesperus eggs and nymphs (Champlain and Butler 1967; Butler and Wardecker 1971; Cooper and Spurgeon 2012, 2013) and on the reproductive development of adults (Spurgeon and Cooper 2012). However, Hagstrum and Milliken (1991) reported that for many species of insects, development rates at constant temperatures poorly reflect development under variable temperatures, especially when the mean daily temperature is high.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and Survival ofLygus hesperus(Hemiptera: Miridae) Nymphs Under Constant and Variable Temperatures

Spurgeon

Brent

2019

Journal of Insect Science

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Thermal environments of the arid western United States are often harsh compared with the ranges of temperatures favorable for development and survival of crop insect pests. In cotton [Gossypium spp. (Malvales: Malvaceae)], new irrigation practices such as deficit irrigation may impact populations of pest and beneficial arthropods by temporarily altering temperature profiles within the plant canopy. Most information regarding the temperature-dependent development and survival of an important cotton pest, the western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus Knight), is derived from constant temperature studies. We examined the development and survival of L. hesperus nymphs under constant (±0.2°C) and variable (±8°C) temperature regimes at daily mean temperatures of 15, 22, and 29°C. Under the low temperature (15°C), stadium lengths and duration of the nymphal stage were shorter when temperatures were variable compared with a constant temperature. No differences in development times were observed between regimes at the medium temperature (22°C). Except for the first stadium, development times under the high variable temperature regime were longer compared with the high constant regime (29°C). Nymph survival was unaffected by temperature regime except at the lowest temperature, where daily thermal fluctuations substantially improved survival compared with the constant conditions. These results suggest that temporarily increased crop canopy temperatures caused by altered irrigation schemes are unlikely to substantially reduce the growth of L. hesperus populations. However, enhanced nymphal development and survival under low variable temperatures likely contribute to the survival of overwintering L. hesperus in the absence of acute, low-temperature mortality.

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Temperature-Dependent Egg Development of <I>Lygus hesperus</I> (Hemiptera: Miridae)

Cited by 12 publications

References 14 publications

ECDYSTEROID AND CHITINASE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WESTERN TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus hesperus) PRIOR TO MOLT INDICATE ROLES IN DEVELOPMENT

ECDYSTEROID AND CHITINASE FLUCTUATIONS IN THE WESTERN TARNISHED PLANT BUG (Lygus hesperus) PRIOR TO MOLT INDICATE ROLES IN DEVELOPMENT

Subsurface Drip and Overhead Irrigation Effects on Conservation-tilled Cotton in the San Joaquin Valley

Development and Survival ofLygus hesperus(Hemiptera: Miridae) Nymphs Under Constant and Variable Temperatures

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