Temperature dependences of quantum-dot laser thresholds under simultaneously three-state or two-state lasing operations

Study of modulation doping and ridge height effects in InAs/GaAs quantum dot lasers

“…gain is an interesting topic. Recently, simultaneous two-state lasing [25][26][27][28][29][30] and even three-state lasing [31,32] was demonstrated in QD lasers with a relatively short cavity length (typically below 2mm) at high injection current. The simultaneous lasing from both the ES and the GS is attributed to the relatively long relaxation time between the two states, which is governed by the Pauli exclusion principle [25].…”

“…As the injection current increases, a second lasing peak is often observed due to the excited-state recombination, especially for a QD laser with a relatively short cavity length (below 2mm). Recently, researchers from different groups have demonstrated two-state lasing [25][26][27][28][29] (as shown in Figure 2.12) and even three-state lasing [31,32] in QD lasers. The simultaneous lasing from both the ES and the GS is attributed to the relatively long relaxation time between the two states, which is…”