Temperature Dependence of the Raman Spectra of Individual Carbon Nanotubes

Abstract

Resonant Raman scattering (RRS) spectra of individual carbon nanotubes on a SiO2 substrate have been investigated first in the temperature range of 100-600 K (Phys. Rev. B 2002, 66, 115411). It was revealed by the intensity abnormality of the radial breathing mode (RBM) that the carbon nanotubes have a temperature-dependent density of electronic states. This means that the previously reported temperature coefficients of RBM of carbon nanotubes are smaller than their "real" ones for the bulk samples of single- or double-walled carbon nanotubes. Comparatively, the G line of individual nanotubes shows no observable difference relative to the bulk samples.

Raman spectroscopic characterization of multiwall carbon nanotubes and of composites

“…The frequency downshifts induced by the local increase of the sample temperature due to laser irradiation have been associated with a lengthening of the C-C bond resulting from the thermal expansion of the material [30]. Nevertheless, changes in resonance conditions, softening of the intra-tubular van der Waals interactions or thermal expansion of the bundles are other reasons invoked to account for the dependence of Raman spectra on increasing temperatures [20,31]. We report here a study of the influence of laser irradiation on the Raman spectra of MWCNTs and of MWCNTs/SBR composites.…”

“…The diameter of nanotubes [9], the presence of disorder in sp 2 -hybridized carbon systems [10] as well as the effect of nanotube-nanotube interactions [11] on the vibrational modes have been assessed using Raman spectroscopy. Specific features such as the strong frequency dependence on the excitation laser energy of some Raman bands [12][13][14][15][16][17] or laser radiation-induced effects [18][19][20][21] have been the subject of extensive studies. Raman spectroscopy of CNT-based composite materials has been used to evaluate the state of dispersion and the polymer-filler interactions reflected, by shifts or width changes of the peaks.…”

Temperature Dependence of G− Mode in Raman Spectra of Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

“…Besides, E F shift is also realized by doping and chemical functionalization of SWNTs [21], causing a high degree of variation in the broadening of G − mode. Besides the position of Fermi energy, the measurement temperature is also reported to affect the profile of Raman spectra [22][23][24][25][26][27]. With the increase of temperature, the peak position shifts to lower frequency due to the softening of the C-C bond [25][26][27].…”

“…Besides the position of Fermi energy, the measurement temperature is also reported to affect the profile of Raman spectra [22][23][24][25][26][27]. With the increase of temperature, the peak position shifts to lower frequency due to the softening of the C-C bond [25][26][27]. Based on the frequency downshift, the temperature coefficient, which reflects the thermal stability of SWNTs, can be deduced [25][26][27].…”

Carbon Nanotube–Purification and Sorting Protocols

“…Other techniques such as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy 84 , Raman spectroscopy [85][86][87][88][89][90] , were introduced for quantitative analysis. The TGA of CNT sample is carried out in air/O 2 to study oxidative response.…”