Temperature dependence of the mechanical properties and the inner structures of natural rubber reinforced by <i>in situ</i> polymerization of zinc dimethacrylate

Xu, Chuanhui; Chen, Yukun; Wang, Yanpeng; Zeng, Xianlin

doi:10.1002/app.38263

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…According to Tee et al, 64 even though the NR chain mobility at higher healing temperatures evidently facilitates the healing efficiency, the extreme deterioration of electrostatic and ion pair interactions could decline the ionic bond strength and disturb the reconstruction ability of the supramolecular networks. 65 Hence, in the present investigation, the healing performance was evaluated at 50 °C. The healing integrity of the composite is clearly observed in Figure 6a,b.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO₂ Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties

Sattar

Gangadharan²,

Patnaik

2019

ACS Omega

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The preparation of natural rubber (NR)–silica (SiO 2 ) elastomeric composites with excellent mechanical properties along with better self-healing ability remains a key challenge. Inspired by the energy dissipation and repairability of sacrificial bonds in biomaterials, a strategy for combining covalent and noncovalent sacrificial networks is engineered to construct a dual hybrid network. Here, the approach used to fabricate the composites was self-assembly of NR, bearing proteins and phospholipids on its outer bioshell, with SiO 2 via metal-ion-mediated heteroaggregation effected by reversible electrostatic and H-bonds. Further, covalent cross-links were incorporated by a silane coupling agent, bis [3-(triethoxysilyl) propyl] tetrasulfide. The intrinsic self-healing ability of the composite at the molecular level was studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy that unraveled the mechanism of the healing process. The synergistic effect between the molecular interdiffusion of the cross-linked NR chains and the electrostatic and H-bonding interactions imparted an exceptional self-healing characteristic to the liquid–liquid-mixing-prepared NR–SiO 2 composites with improved mechanical performance. Specifically, the segmental relaxation dynamics of the healed composite was largely restricted due to increased number of ion–dipole interactions and S–S cross-links at the junction of the cut surface. We envisage that this extraordinary healing property, unreported yet, would be of great importance toward the design of novel NR–SiO 2 elastomeric hybrids with superior mechanical properties.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO₂ Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties

Sattar

Gangadharan²,

Patnaik

2019

ACS Omega

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“…NR undergoes strain‐induced crystallization (SIC) that is the rapid development of crystallization under straining. Many aspects of SIC have been reviewed, and further works are continuously appearing, focused on the study of models, crystallite structure, segmental dynamics, local strain response, mechanism of deformation, morphology, orientation and deformation mechanisms, crystallite melting temperature, temperature dependence of the mechanical properties, kinetics and time of crystallization, fatigue behavior, effect of entanglements and endlinking networks, and deproteinization . Some conclusions are widely acknowledged.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystallinity and crystalline phase orientation of poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) fromHevea brasiliensisandTaraxacum kok-saghyz

Musto

Barbera

Maggio

et al. 2016

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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Crystallization is studied for poly(isoprene-1,4-cis) from Hevea brasiliensis (natural rubber [NR]) and from taraxacum kok-saghyz, mainly by collecting wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns after processing and stretching. Although rubber samples before stretching are generally fully amorphous, crystallization can be induced in NR samples by processing at room temperature under moderate pressure. This phenomenon is possibly associated with nucleation by saturated fatty acid components. For rubber samples being fully amorphous in the undeformed state, straininduced crystallization occurs only at high strain ratios (α > 4), leading to high degrees of crystalline phase orientation (f c > 0.9 for α = 5). Rubber samples presenting some crystallinity already in the unstretched state, on the contrary, reach much lower degrees of axial orientation, even for high strain ratios (f c < 0.7 for α = 5). These differences in crystallinity and in crystalline phase orientations produce large differences in stress-strain behavior of the rubber. By room temperature processing, the considered NR samples can also develop an unreported disordered crystalline modification, with low intensity of 120 and 121 reflections. This disordered crystalline modification, which is also maintained after axial stretching procedures, can rationalized by a structural disorder along the b axis, possibly associated with statistical sequences of A + TA À or A À T A + conformations for poly(isoprene-1,4-cis) chains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Keywords: poly(isoprene-1,4-cis); crystallinity; strain-induced crystallization INTRODUCTIONNatural rubber (NR) is the regular head-to-tail polymer essentially made by isoprene-1,4-cis units. [1][2][3][4] It is the most important rubber, with increasing worldwide consumption, that amounts at present to more than 12 million t/year.[5] At the origin of such a large commercial success are the NR outstanding properties: great strength [6,7] and tack [8][9][10] in the uncrosslinked state and in the crosslinked state, very high tensile strength [11,12] and crack growth resistance, both in static [13][14][15][16][17] and in fatigue [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] loading conditions. Beneficial for such NR properties is definitely the great mobility of the polymer chains that are usually amorphous at rest. However, also the ability of NR to crystallize plays a fundamental role. NR undergoes strain-induced crystallization (SIC) that is the rapid development of crystallization under straining. Many aspects of SIC have been reviewed, [25][26][27] and further works are continuously appearing, focused on the study of models, [28,29] crystallite structure, [30,31] segmental dynamics, [32] local strain response, [33] mechanism of deformation, [34] morphology, [35] orientation and deformation mechanisms, [36] crystallite melting temperature, [37] temperature dependence of the mechanical properties, [38] kinetics [36,39,40] and time [41] of crystallization, fatigue behavior, [42,43] effect of entanglements and endlinking n...

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“…The extracted samples were swollen in n-heptane for 48 h at room temperature, then weighed and dried in a vacuum oven to a constant weight at 50°C and weighed again. According to Flory-Rehner [15][16][17][18][19], the cross-link density was calculated.…”

Section: Mechanical Characterisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of partial substitution for CB with MWNTs on performance of CB‐filled NR composites

Zhang

Wei

Kang

et al. 2017

Micro & Nano Letters

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The effects of substituting carbon black (CB) with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the structure and properties of natural rubber (NR)/CB composites is explored. Compared with NR/CB composites, NR/MWNTs/CB presents better filler dispersity and dynamic properties of the MWNT up to a certain concentration, as confirmed by scanning electron microscope, dynamic mechanical analyser and rubber processing analyser. Sample with 1 phr MWNTs shows obviously the highest tensile strength, 28.60 MPa, and almost the lowest heat build-up, only 9.6°C, and it is attributed to that not only large cross-link density and better filler dispersity but also high effective elasticity and large filler-rubber interaction. However, when the concentration is much higher, MWNTs tend to aggregate and lead to the poor efficiency to enhance the dynamic properties of rubber composites or even deteriorate the properties.

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Temperature dependence of the mechanical properties and the inner structures of natural rubber reinforced by in situ polymerization of zinc dimethacrylate

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO₂ Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties

Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO₂ Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties

Crystallinity and crystalline phase orientation of poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) fromHevea brasiliensisandTaraxacum kok-saghyz

Influence of partial substitution for CB with MWNTs on performance of CB‐filled NR composites

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Temperature dependence of the mechanical properties and the inner structures of natural rubber reinforced by in situ polymerization of zinc dimethacrylate

Cited by 23 publications

References 25 publications

Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO2 Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties

Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO2 Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties

Crystallinity and crystalline phase orientation of poly(1,4-cis-isoprene) fromHevea brasiliensisandTaraxacum kok-saghyz

Influence of partial substitution for CB with MWNTs on performance of CB‐filled NR composites

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Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO₂ Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties

Design of Dual Hybrid Network Natural Rubber–SiO₂ Elastomers with Tailored Mechanical and Self-Healing Properties