Temperature dependence of the crystalline lattice parameter of methane in the range of 11?70�K

Bol'shutkin, D. N.; Gasan, V. M.; Prokhvatilov, A. I.

doi:10.1007/bf00743694

Cited by 16 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…With 1% lost to space per hop, 93% would make it to the pole, leading to an accumulation rate there of 2 × 10 12 molecules m −2 s −1 . For CH 4 ice density 35 of 516 kg m −3 , the deposition rate is 9 × 10 −17 m s −1 which adds up to about 0.3 µm at the pole over one Charon winter. Since the accumulation time is strongly latitude-dependent, the resulting ice distribution would be, too.…”

Section: Loss Mechanisms and Cold Trappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of Charon’s red poles from seasonally cold-trapped volatiles

Grundy

Cruikshank

Gladstone

et al. 2016

Nature

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A unique feature of Pluto's large satellite Charon is its dark red northern polar cap. Similar colours on Pluto's surface have been attributed to tholin-like organic macromolecules produced by energetic radiation processing of hydrocarbons. The polar location on Charon implicates the temperature extremes that result from Charon's high obliquity and long seasons in the production of this material. The escape of Pluto's atmosphere provides a potential feedstock for a complex chemistry. Gas from Pluto that is transiently cold-trapped and processed at Charon's winter pole was proposed as an explanation for the dark coloration on the basis of an image of Charon's northern hemisphere, but not modelled quantitatively. Here we report images of the southern hemisphere illuminated by Pluto-shine and also images taken during the approach phase that show the northern polar cap over a range of longitudes. We model the surface thermal environment on Charon and the supply and temporary cold-trapping of material escaping from Pluto, as well as the photolytic processing of this material into more complex and less volatile molecules while cold-trapped. The model results are consistent with the proposed mechanism for producing the observed colour pattern on Charon.

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Section: Loss Mechanisms and Cold Trappingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The formation of Charon’s red poles from seasonally cold-trapped volatiles

Grundy

Cruikshank

Gladstone

et al. 2016

Nature

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“…A two-term HG phase function with a backscattering parameter of g~0.3 has been found to provide good fits for aerosols of roughly similar size, indices of refraction, and forward scattering asymmetry in Saturn's atmosphere (Tomasko and Doose, 1984;Pérez-Hoyos et al, 2005;Roman et al, 2013;Pérez-Hoyos et al, 2016); assuming a roughly similar phase function (PF) would apply, evaluated at a scattering angle of 179˚, we let PF(179˚) ≈ 0.4. Finally, solid methane at a 60 K has a density of 0.50 g cm 3 , while liquid droplets have a density of 0.42 g/cm 3 (Bol'shutkin et al,1971;Roe and Grundy, 2012); the density may be lower if the aerosols are icy with significant porosity. Assuming a density of 0.5 g/cm 3 , the retrieved total scattering optical for the layer, τ s = (7.2 ± 1.5)x 10 -3 , yields a mass of (8.6 ± 1.7) x 10 -3 g/m 2 .…”

Section: Discrete Cloud Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerosols and methane in the ice giant atmospheres inferred from spatially resolved, near-infrared spectra: I. Uranus, 2001–2007

Roman

Banfield

Gierasch

2018

Icarus

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“…The density of solid methane at cryogenic temperatures is of the order of 0.5 g cm −3 (Bol'shutkin et al, 1971), and this gives a vaporization flux of 7 g cm −2 s −1 .…”

Section: Basic Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating the density of intermediate size KBOs from considerations of volatile retention

Levi

Podolak

2011

Icarus

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By using a hydrodynamic atmospheric escape mechanism (Levi and Podolak, 2009) we show how the unusually high mass density of Quaoar could have been predicted (constrained), without any knowledge of a binary companion. We suggest an explanation of the recent spectroscopic observations of Orcus and Charon Cook et al., 2007). We present a simple relation between the detection of certain volatile ices and the body mass density and diameter. As a test case we implement the relations on the KBO 2003 AZ 84 and give constraints on its mass density. We also present a method of relating the latitude-dependence of hydrodynamic gas escape to the internal structure of a rapidly rotating body and apply it to Haumea. Key Words: ICES; KUIPER BELT; TRANS-NEPTUNIAN OBJECTS 9 θ [ pi ] escape criterion Colatitude extent of escape ( T surf =150 [K] ) J 2 =0.05 J 2 =0.10 J 2 =0.20 J 2 =0.05 J 2 =0.10 J 2 =0.20Figure 3: Levi and Podolak, Estimating KBO densities T 0 [k] surface fraction surface fraction evacuated V. surface temperature J 2 =0.05 (800km) J 2 =0.10 (800km) J 2 =0.20 (800km) J 2 =0.05 (880km) J 2 =0.10 (880km) J 2 =0.20 (880km) Figure 5: Levi and Podolak, Estimating KBO densities

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Temperature dependence of the crystalline lattice parameter of methane in the range of 11?70�K

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

The formation of Charon’s red poles from seasonally cold-trapped volatiles

The formation of Charon’s red poles from seasonally cold-trapped volatiles

Aerosols and methane in the ice giant atmospheres inferred from spatially resolved, near-infrared spectra: I. Uranus, 2001–2007

Estimating the density of intermediate size KBOs from considerations of volatile retention

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