Temperature dependence of spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times of paramagnetic nitrogen defects in diamond

Reynhardt, E. C.; High, Grant L.; Wyk, J.A. Van

doi:10.1063/1.477511

Cited by 50 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The obtained fit parameters A 8:0 10 ÿ3 and B 3:5 10 ÿ10 are close to the values found in Ref. [29]. It was, however, noticed that although the fit explains the main trend, there is a significant deviation for several data points.…”

Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Esupporting

confidence: 60%

“…2, T 1 of both centers increases significantly as the temperature is reduced. For the N-V center, T 1 changes from 7:7 0:4 ms to 3:8 0:5 s. For the N center, T 1 increases from 1:38 0:01 ms to 8:3 4:7 s. For the spin-lattice relaxation of the N centers, it was found that a spin-orbit induced tunneling model is the main mechanism [29]. We fit our data to their model given by 1=T 1 AT BT 5 , where A and B are parameters.…”

Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…No temperature dependence of T 2 was observed in a previous pulsed EPR study at 9.6 GHz [29]. We measured the jm S ÿ1=2; m I 1i $ j1=2; 1i transition shown in Fig.…”

Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…1(b)]. T 1 for both the N-V and N centers was measured from room temperature to 40 K. Below 40 K, where T 1 is longer than tens of seconds [29,30], an accurate measurement with the current setup proved impractical as the drift of the superconducting magnet ( 5 ppm=h) becomes nontrivial on the timescale of the measurement. T 1 is obtained by fitting a decay exponential to the recovery rate of the echo area y 0 ÿ ae ÿT=T 1 .…”

Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quenching Spin Decoherence in Diamond through Spin Bath Polarization

et al. 2008

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We experimentally demonstrate that the decoherence of a spin by a spin bath can be completely eliminated by fully polarizing the spin bath. We use electron paramagnetic resonance at 240 GHz and 8 T to study the electron-spin coherence time T 2 of nitrogen-vacancy centers and nitrogen impurities in diamond from room temperature down to 1.3 K. A sharp increase of T 2 is observed below the Zeeman energy (11.5 K). The data are well described by a suppression of the flip-flop induced spin bath fluctuations due to thermal electron-spin polarization. T 2 saturates at 250 s below 2 K, where the polarization of the electron-spin bath exceeds 99%. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.047601 PACS numbers: 76.30.Mi, 03.65.Yz Overcoming spin decoherence is critical to spintronics and spin-based quantum information processing devices [1,2]. For spins in the solid state, a coupling to a fluctuating spin bath is a major source of the decoherence. Therefore, several recent theoretical and experimental efforts have aimed at suppressing spin bath fluctuations [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. One approach is to bring the spin bath into a well-known quantum state that exhibits little or no fluctuations [10,11]. A prime example is the case of a fully polarized spin bath. The spin bath fluctuations are fully eliminated when all spins are in the ground state. In quantum dots, nuclear spin bath polarizations of up to 60% have been achieved [12,13]. However, a polarization above 90% is needed to significantly increase the spin coherence time [14]. Moreover, thermal polarization of the nuclear spin bath is experimentally challenging due to the small nuclear magnetic moment. Electron-spin baths, however, may be fully polarized thermally at a few degrees of Kelvin under an applied magnetic field of 8 T.Here we investigate the relationship between the spin coherence of nitrogen-vacancy (N-V) centers in diamond and the polarization of the surrounding spin bath consisting of nitrogen (N) electron spins. N-V centers consist of a substitutional nitrogen atom adjoining to a vacancy in the diamond lattice. The N-V center, which has long spin coherence times at room temperature [15,16], is an excellent candidate for quantum information processing applications as well as conducting fundamental studies of interactions with nearby electronic spins [16 -18] and nuclear spins [19,20]. In the case of type-Ib diamond, as studied here, the coupling to a bath of N electron spins is the main source of decoherence for an N-V center spin [15,21]. We have measured the spin coherence time (T 2 ) and spin-lattice relaxation time (T 1 ) in spin ensembles of N-V centers and single N impurity centers (P1 centers) using pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy at 240 GHz. By comparing the values of T 1 and T 2 at different temperatures, we verify that the mechanism determining T 2 is different from that of T 1 . Next, we investigate the temperature dependence of T 2 .At 240 GHz and 8.6 T where the Zeeman energy of the N centers corresponds to 11.5 K, the polariza...

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Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Esupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

“…No temperature dependence of T 2 was observed in a previous pulsed EPR study at 9.6 GHz [29]. We measured the jm S ÿ1=2; m I 1i $ j1=2; 1i transition shown in Fig.…”

Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prl 101 047601 (2008) P H Y S I C a L R E V I E W L E T T Ementioning

confidence: 99%

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Quenching Spin Decoherence in Diamond through Spin Bath Polarization

et al. 2008

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“…Using a pump-probe technique in the dispersive regime, we measure spin linewidth and relaxation time. The observed temperature independence indicates that internal spin equilibration is dominated by spin diffusion across the mode volume [20] rather than spin-lattice relaxation [21]. Finally, as an initial test of the possible use of sub-ensembles as independent memories, we measure the steady-state depolarization of a sub-ensemble by resonant pumping of another.…”

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confidence: 99%

Probing Dynamics of an Electron-Spin Ensemble via a Superconducting Resonator

et al. 2013

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We study spin relaxation and diffusion in an electron-spin ensemble of nitrogen impurities in diamond at low temperature (0.25-1.2 K) and polarizing magnetic field (80-300 mT). Measurements exploit mode-and temperature-dependent coupling of hyperfine-split sub-ensembles to the resonator. Temperature-independent spin linewidth and relaxation time suggest that spin diffusion limits spin relaxation. Depolarization of one sub-ensemble by resonant pumping of another indicates fast cross-relaxation compared to spin diffusion, with implications on use of sub-ensembles as independent quantum memories.PACS numbers: 42.50.Pq, 03.67.Lx The study of spin ensembles coupled to superconducting integrated circuits is of both technological and fundamental interest. An eventual quantum computer may involve a hybrid architecture [1-4] combining superconducting qubits for processing of information, solid-state spins for storage, and superconducting resonators for interconversion. Additionally, superconducting resonators allow the study of spin ensembles at low temperatures with ultra-low excitation powers and high spectral resolution [5,6]. While one spin couples to one microwave photon with strength g/2π ∼ 10 Hz, an ensemble of N spins collectively couples with g ens = g √ N [7,8], reaching the strong-coupling regime g ens > κ, γ at N 10 12 [8][9][10], where κ and γ are the circuit damping and spin dephasing rates, respectively.Among the solid-state spin ensembles under consideration, nitrogen defects in diamond (P1 centers) [11] are excellent candidates for quantum information processing. Diamond samples can be synthesized with P1 centers as only paramagnetic impurities. Additionally, samples with spin densities ranging from highly dense (> 200 ppm) to very dilute (< 5 ppb) are commercially available, allowing the tailoring of spin linewidth (γ ∝ N [12]) and collective strength (g ens ∝ √ N ). In contrast to nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond [13] and rare-earth ions in Y 2 SiO 5 [14, 15], P1 centers are optically inactive, making a coupled microwave resonator an ideal probe for their study. However, the magnetic fields 100 mT needed to polarize the ensemble at the few-GHz transition frequencies of circuits [16] must not compromise superconductivity. The freezing of all spin dynamics in a high-purity P1 ensemble by the field would allow quenching spin decoherence [17] through dynamical decoupling [18], realizing a useful quantum memory. * These authors contributed equally to this work.Here, we investigate the dynamics of a P1 electron-spin ensemble probed by controlled coupling to two modes of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) resonator. The resonator is patterned on a NbTiN film [19] withstanding applied magnetic fields beyond 300 mT. Three hyperfine-split spin sub-ensembles are clearly resolved over the temperature range 0.25-1.2 K. The collective coupling of each arXiv:1208.5473v1 [cond-mat.mes-hall]

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Tailoring Coherent Microwave Emission from a Solid‐State Hybrid System for Room‐Temperature Microwave Quantum Electronics

Wang,

Wu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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Quantum electronics operating in the microwave domain are burgeoning and becoming essential building blocks of quantum computers, sensors, and communication devices. However, the field of microwave quantum electronics has long been dominated by the need for cryogenic conditions to maintain delicate quantum characteristics. Here, a solid‐state hybrid system, constituted by a photo‐excited pentacene triplet spin ensemble coupled to a dielectric resonator, is reported for the first time capable of both coherent microwave quantum amplification and oscillation at X band via the masing process at room temperature. By incorporating external driving and active dissipation control into the hybrid system, efficient tuning of the maser emission characteristics at ≈9.4 GHz is achieved, which is key to optimizing the performance of the maser device. The work not only pushes the boundaries of the operating frequency and functionality of the existing pentacene masers but also demonstrates a universal route for controlling the masing process at room temperature, highlighting opportunities for optimizing emerging solid‐state masers for quantum information processing and communication.

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Temperature dependence of spin-spin and spin-lattice relaxation times of paramagnetic nitrogen defects in diamond

Cited by 50 publications

References 19 publications

Quenching Spin Decoherence in Diamond through Spin Bath Polarization

Quenching Spin Decoherence in Diamond through Spin Bath Polarization

Probing Dynamics of an Electron-Spin Ensemble via a Superconducting Resonator

Tailoring Coherent Microwave Emission from a Solid‐State Hybrid System for Room‐Temperature Microwave Quantum Electronics

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