Temperature dependence of planktonic metabolism in the ocean

Regaudie-de-Gioux, Aurore; Duarte, Carlos M.

doi:10.1029/2010gb003907

Cited by 165 publications

(186 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(113 reference statements)

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“…Reconstructed sea surface temperatures offshore of Tanzania and in the Gulf of Mexico in the Eocene were only 2-4 • C greater than today, which is not sufficient to affect remineralization rates greatly, particularly at temperatures so much higher than 20 • C. However, at a depth of around 150 m, Eocene water temperatures were approximately 10 • C higher than today (figure 4) [82,83]. This means that if, for example, heterotrophic community respiration had a Q 10 value of 2 (a conservative estimate [6]), then respiration rates could quite reasonably have been twice as high at these depths as in the modern. Therefore, any temperature-related increase in microbial metabolic activity rates would have been more pronounced below the mixed layer than at the surface, that is, in the zone of net respiration rather than net photosynthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The values were comparable in the two hemispheres, but were different between ocean basins and between seasons, reflecting changes in planktonic community structure. The positive relationship between temperature and the ratio of respiration/primary production appears to be strong below 20-21 • C [3,6], with a weaker relationship at higher temperatures due to an overall dominance of heterotrophs [3]. Feedbacks within the global carbon cycle are likely, because areas of net heterotrophy represent sources of CO 2 to the atmosphere provided there is an allochthonous source of food for the microbes [38].…”

Section: The Metabolic Hypothesis and The Q 10 Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Importantly, while both rates of respiration and rates of photosynthesis should increase with increasing temperature, the effect of temperature is stronger in the former [37], leading to an increasing dominance of heterotrophic activity in warmer waters. This has been demonstrated in the modern oceans [3,6,38]. Based on a large database of 1156 volumetric estimates of oceanic planktonic metabolism and temperature measurements, Regaudie-de-Gioux & Duarte [6] demonstrated strong relationships between both gross primary production and community respiration rates and temperature, and found average Q 10 values for the whole ocean of 1.56 for gross primary production and 2.52 for community respiration.…”

Section: The Metabolic Hypothesis and The Q 10 Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has been demonstrated in the modern oceans [3,6,38]. Based on a large database of 1156 volumetric estimates of oceanic planktonic metabolism and temperature measurements, Regaudie-de-Gioux & Duarte [6] demonstrated strong relationships between both gross primary production and community respiration rates and temperature, and found average Q 10 values for the whole ocean of 1.56 for gross primary production and 2.52 for community respiration. The values were comparable in the two hemispheres, but were different between ocean basins and between seasons, reflecting changes in planktonic community structure.…”

Section: The Metabolic Hypothesis and The Q 10 Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effect of a warmer ocean on the efficiency of the marine biological pump has also been emphasized, due to the fact that respiration rates in remineralizing microbes are temperature-dependent [3][4][5][6]. This may be important for understanding the response of the carbon cycle to current warming trends on short and geological time scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Warm ocean processes and carbon cycling in the Eocene

John

Pearson

Coxall

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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Sea surface and subsurface temperatures over large parts of the ocean during the Eocene epoch (55.5–33.7 Ma) exceeded modern values by several degrees, which must have affected a number of oceanic processes. Here, we focus on the effect of elevated water column temperatures on the efficiency of the biological pump, particularly in relation to carbon and nutrient cycling. We use stable isotope values from exceptionally well-preserved planktonic foraminiferal calcite from Tanzania and Mexico to reconstruct vertical carbon isotope gradients in the upper water column, exploiting the fact that individual species lived and calcified at different depths. The oxygen isotope ratios of different species' tests are used to estimate the temperature of calcification, which we converted to absolute depths using Eocene temperature profiles generated by general circulation models. This approach, along with potential pitfalls, is illustrated using data from modern core-top assemblages from the same area. Our results indicate that, during the Early and Middle Eocene, carbon isotope gradients were steeper (and larger) through the upper thermocline than in the modern ocean. This is consistent with a shallower average depth of organic matter remineralization and supports previously proposed hypotheses that invoke high metabolic rates in a warm Eocene ocean, leading to more efficient recycling of organic matter and reduced burial rates of organic carbon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: The Metabolic Hypothesis and The Q 10 Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Metabolic Hypothesis and The Q 10 Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Metabolic Hypothesis and The Q 10 Relationshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Warm ocean processes and carbon cycling in the Eocene

John

Pearson

Coxall

et al. 2013

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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UV sensitivity of planktonic net community production in ocean surface waters

2014

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The net plankton community metabolism of oceanic surface waters is particularly important as it more directly affects the partial pressure of CO 2 in surface waters and thus the air-sea fluxes of CO 2 . Plankton communities in surface waters are exposed to high irradiance that includes significant ultraviolet blue (UVB, 280-315 nm) radiation. UVB radiation affects both photosynthetic and respiration rates, increase plankton mortality rates, and other metabolic and chemical processes. Here we test the sensitivity of net community production (NCP) to UVB of planktonic communities in surface waters across contrasting regions of the ocean. We observed here that UVB radiation affects net plankton community production at the ocean surface, imposing a shift in NCP by, on average, 50% relative to the values measured when excluding partly UVB. Our results show that under full solar radiation, the metabolic balance shows the prevalence of net heterotrophic community production. The demonstration of an important effect of UVB radiation on NCP in surface waters presented here is of particular relevance in relation to the increased UVB radiation derived from the erosion of the stratospheric ozone layer. Our results encourage design future research to further our understanding of UVB effects on the metabolic balance of plankton communities.

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Environmental and biological controls on size‐specific δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in recent planktonic foraminifera

2015

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As living organisms, planktonic foraminifera are not passive tracers of the environment. Their test geochemistry-arguably the single most important resource for paleoceanographic research-reflects the combined signal of environmental, biological, and preservational processes. For most species, comparisons of test stable isotopic composition within and among taxa provide the primary means for disentangling the relative influences of these different processes. Here we test the foundations of our paleoceanographic interpretations with the first quantitative comparison of the determinants of carbon and oxygen isotopic variation across multiple ocean basins, studies, and species by re-analyzing size-specific data collated from the literature. We find clear evidence of species-specific biological effects (i.e., vital effects), as the intercepts of size-specific carbon and oxygen isotopic compositions differ significantly among species. Trends in body size and isotopic composition, particularly in dinoflagellate bearing taxa, suggest that much of the size-dependent isotopic variation observed in death assemblages (i.e., core tops and sediments) relates to factors influencing the maximum size obtained by adults rather than ontogeny. The presence and type of photosymbiont hosted (dinoflagellate, chrysophyte, or none) were a major factor affecting species-and size-specific δ 18 O values. In contrast, size-related trends in δ 13 C values were driven by depth habitat (mixed layer, thermocline, subthermocline), symbiont ecology and whether the assemblage was alive or dead when sampled. On this broad geographic and oceanographic scale, ocean basin and biome had a significant effect on δ 18 O and δ 13 C values . Our analysis and its model-averaged predictions provide a quantitative basis for interpreting size-specific isotopic variation in 22 species of modern macroperforate planktonic foraminifera. We conclude by highlighting existing data gaps and outstanding questions of the relative influence of environmental, preservational, and biological processes on variation in the test geochemistry of planktonic foraminifera.

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Temperature dependence of planktonic metabolism in the ocean

Cited by 165 publications

References 108 publications

Warm ocean processes and carbon cycling in the Eocene

Warm ocean processes and carbon cycling in the Eocene

UV sensitivity of planktonic net community production in ocean surface waters

Environmental and biological controls on size‐specific δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in recent planktonic foraminifera

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Temperature dependence of planktonic metabolism in the ocean

Cited by 165 publications

References 108 publications

Warm ocean processes and carbon cycling in the Eocene

Warm ocean processes and carbon cycling in the Eocene

UV sensitivity of planktonic net community production in ocean surface waters

Environmental and biological controls on size‐specific δ13C and δ18O in recent planktonic foraminifera

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Product

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About

Environmental and biological controls on size‐specific δ¹³C and δ¹⁸O in recent planktonic foraminifera