“…In the case of O. viverrini s.l., infected snails were significantly smaller than uninfected individuals. Studies by Chanawong and Waikagul 14 and Prasopdee and others 15 found that the small snails had higher infection rates than larger snails. Therefore, shell size influences the susceptibility of B. s. goniomphalos infection and may be interpreted as a consequence of age variation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This indicates that temperature is one of the crucial factors for snails, as well as for larval growth and development. Prasopdee and others 15 found that infectivity of O. viverrini s.l. in B. s. goniomphalos was correlated with temperature and that a temperature of 34 C was optimal for obtaining the highest infection rate.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…infection, 14,15 as enhanced trematode cercarial development has been shown to occur in juvenile snails because they have a weaker defense system. [34][35][36] In addition, O. viverrini s.l.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…infection was related to size and age of the snails, 14 as well as to water temperature. 15 Such information is not available for virgulate xiphidiocercariae, which also use B. s. goniomphalos as an intermediate host in the same habitat. Current data on the transmission dynamics of the liver flukes as well as B. s. goniomphalos in relation to seasonal changes during a time of climate and land use changes are important to understand the transmission of O. viverrini s.l.…”
Abstract. Seasonal changes play roles in the transmission success of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT). This study examined the seasonal transmission patterns of Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (s.l.) and a virgulate cercaria (family Lecithodendriidae) in the snail intermediate host, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in northeast Thailand. Snail samples were collected monthly during the rainy, cool, and hot seasons during 2012-2013 to determine the prevalence and intensity of larval trematode infections. The prevalence of O. viverrini s.l. varied significantly with season, being 0.31%, 1.05%, and 0.37% in the rainy, cool, and hot seasons, respectively (P 0.05). Similarly, the prevalence of virgulate cercariae was 3.11%, 6.80%, and 1.64% in the rainy, cool, and hot seasons, respectively (P 0.05). The intensity of larval trematode infections also varied between seasons and peaked in the hot season (P 0.05) in both species. The snails infected with O. viverrini s.l. were significantly smaller (P 0.05) and those infected with virgulate cercariae were significantly larger (P 0.05) than uninfected snails. Seasonal variation and the different sizes of B. s. goniomphalos parasitized by O. viverrini s.l. and virgulate trematodes indicate complex host-parasite interactions with important implications for the epidemiology of O. viverrini s.l.
“…In the case of O. viverrini s.l., infected snails were significantly smaller than uninfected individuals. Studies by Chanawong and Waikagul 14 and Prasopdee and others 15 found that the small snails had higher infection rates than larger snails. Therefore, shell size influences the susceptibility of B. s. goniomphalos infection and may be interpreted as a consequence of age variation.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This indicates that temperature is one of the crucial factors for snails, as well as for larval growth and development. Prasopdee and others 15 found that infectivity of O. viverrini s.l. in B. s. goniomphalos was correlated with temperature and that a temperature of 34 C was optimal for obtaining the highest infection rate.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…infection, 14,15 as enhanced trematode cercarial development has been shown to occur in juvenile snails because they have a weaker defense system. [34][35][36] In addition, O. viverrini s.l.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…infection was related to size and age of the snails, 14 as well as to water temperature. 15 Such information is not available for virgulate xiphidiocercariae, which also use B. s. goniomphalos as an intermediate host in the same habitat. Current data on the transmission dynamics of the liver flukes as well as B. s. goniomphalos in relation to seasonal changes during a time of climate and land use changes are important to understand the transmission of O. viverrini s.l.…”
Abstract. Seasonal changes play roles in the transmission success of fish-borne zoonotic trematodes (FZT). This study examined the seasonal transmission patterns of Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (s.l.) and a virgulate cercaria (family Lecithodendriidae) in the snail intermediate host, Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos in northeast Thailand. Snail samples were collected monthly during the rainy, cool, and hot seasons during 2012-2013 to determine the prevalence and intensity of larval trematode infections. The prevalence of O. viverrini s.l. varied significantly with season, being 0.31%, 1.05%, and 0.37% in the rainy, cool, and hot seasons, respectively (P 0.05). Similarly, the prevalence of virgulate cercariae was 3.11%, 6.80%, and 1.64% in the rainy, cool, and hot seasons, respectively (P 0.05). The intensity of larval trematode infections also varied between seasons and peaked in the hot season (P 0.05) in both species. The snails infected with O. viverrini s.l. were significantly smaller (P 0.05) and those infected with virgulate cercariae were significantly larger (P 0.05) than uninfected snails. Seasonal variation and the different sizes of B. s. goniomphalos parasitized by O. viverrini s.l. and virgulate trematodes indicate complex host-parasite interactions with important implications for the epidemiology of O. viverrini s.l.
“…The plastic containers were checked daily and dead snails were removed. Each snail was subsequently examined for trematode infection by testing cercarial shedding and examination of hatched eggs in the snail faeces twice within a week as described previously [9, 30]. …”
The snail Bithynia siamensis goniomphalos acts as the first intermediate host for the human liver fluke Opisthorchis viverrini, the major cause of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Northeast Thailand. The undisputed link between CCA and O. viverrini infection has precipitated efforts to understand the molecular basis of host-parasite interactions with a view to ultimately developing new control strategies to combat this carcinogenic infection. To date most effort has focused on the interactions between the parasite and its human host, and little is known about the molecular relationships between the liver fluke and its snail intermediate host. In the present study we analyse the protein expression changes in different tissues of B. siamensis goniomphalos induced by infection with larval O. viverrini using iTRAQ labelling technology. We show that O. viverrini infection downregulates the expression of oxidoreductases and catalytic enzymes, while stress-related and motor proteins are upregulated. The present work could serve as a basis for future studies on the proteins implicated in the susceptibility/resistance of B. siamensis goniomphalos to O. viverrini, as well as studies on other pulmonate snail intermediate hosts of various parasitic flukes that infect humans.
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