“…When the sample is cooled down to 40 K, the increasing rate of the current gain decreases with temperature. For HBTs with conventional material systems, such as AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs [7], AlInAs/GaInAs HBTs [8], and InP/InGaAs HBTs [9][10][11], the current gain decreases with decrease in temperature because of the where s is the capture cross-section, N t the concentration of the recombination center and v th the thermal velocity of the carriers, the electron lifetime is inversely proportional to the square root of the temperature. Considering the stable current gain at low temperatures and the temperature dependence of each component mentioned above, the electron mobility in the p-type base layer should have negative temperature dependence, which is presumably because the ionized impurity scattering is relatively unaffected owing to carrier freezeout and the high activation energy of Mg in the p-InGaN base layer.…”