Temperature Dependence of Carbon Isotope Composition in Marine Plankton and Sediments

Sackett, William M.; Eckelmann, W. R.; Bender, Michael L.; Bé, Allan W. H.

doi:10.1126/science.148.3667.235

Cited by 309 publications

(127 citation statements)

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“…In the Gulf of Mexico, variations downcore have been correlated with glacial and interglacial episodes which are related to sea level lowering and the increasing influence of the Mississippi River on marine deposits (Parker et al, 1972;Newman et al, 1973). In environments which are dominated by marine productivity, other environmental parameters such as temperature, growth rate, species distribution, and CO 2 availability may affect carbon isotopic compositions (Sackett et al, 1965;Degens et al, 1968;Gearing et al, 1977;Fontugne and Duplessy, 1978,;Degens, 1969). In Baffin Bay and the Labrador Sea (ODP Leg 105) and in the Weddell Sea (ODP Leg 113), large-scale changes in δ 13 C were interpreted to be strongly influenced by variations in marine planktonic productivity, and by the effect of ice-rafted debris on the overall accumulation of organic matter in sediments of the region (Macko, 1989;Macko and Pereira, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Compositions of Organic Matter from Sites 724 and 725, Oman Margin

Muzuka¹,

Macko²,

Pedersen³

1991

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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Stable isotopic compositions of carbon and nitrogen and organic carbon content of sediments ranging from the Pliocene to the Pleistocene-Holocene in age from the Oman Margin (ODP Sites 724 and 725) are reported. In general, the organic carbon content is greater than 2% at Site 724. Prior to the Pleistocene-Holocene at this site, sediments with higher content of organic matter were deposited owing to favorable preservation conditions and/or higher productivity. In the Pleistocene, lower amounts of organic matter have been preserved; this material generally has more enriched nitrogen isotopic compositions. This may indicate intensification of the Oxygen Minimum Zone and denitrification with the onset of the Pleistocene. A correlation of carbon isotope content of these sediments with oxygen isotope stages at Site 724 indicates an enrichment in 13 C during glacial events. Based on the stable isotope evidence of both carbon and nitrogen, there does not appear to be major input of terrigenous-derived allochthonous material in this marine environment. The timing and extent of monsoon winds on the productivity of this region are not evident, but require further studies for collaborative interpretation of small-scale features in the isotopic and carbon content of this environment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Compositions of Organic Matter from Sites 724 and 725, Oman Margin

Muzuka¹,

Macko²,

Pedersen³

1991

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

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“…Sometimes this straightforward two-ended mixing model works nicely, but there are some complicating factors: 813C values of marine phytoplankton can vary from -16 to -27%o (Sackett et al 1965;Fontugne and Duplessy 1981), depending on environmental factors such as temperature, light intensity, salinity and nutrient availability. Secondly, OM from one organism is nevertheless a mixture of different compounds covering a wide range of S13C values.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular, Radioactive and Stable Carbon Isotope Characterization of Estuarine Particulate Organic Matter

Megens¹,

Plicht²,

Leeuw³

1997

Radiocarbon

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ABSTRACT. Organic matter in sediments and suspended matter is a complex mixture of constituents with different histories, sources and stabilities. To study these components in a suspended matter sample from the Ems-Dollard Estuary, we used combined molecular analysis with pyrolysis/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and stable and radioactive carbon isotope analyses of the bulk and separated chemical fractions. Carbohydrates and proteins, ca. 50% of the total organic carbon (TOC), are much younger than the bulk sample and have a somewhat higher 613C value. Lipids and the final residue are considerably older and have lower 613C values. The final residue, ca. 17% of the total carbon, consists mainly of aliphatic macromolecules that could be derived from algae or terrestrial plants. The 613C value points to a marine origin.

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“…It is likely that the trend in isotope composition mentioned above might partly result from such a process. However, most available evidence suggests that diagenesis within sediments does not result in significant change in the isotope composition of organic carbon (Sackett, 1964;Degens, 1969). Therefore, this variability in carbon isotope composition can be attributed to differences in source materials, suggesting that the black shales did originate primarily from terrestrially derived organic matter, as in the Bay of Biscay, Cape Verde Basin, and Angola Basin, Site 364 (Foresman, 1978;Simoneit, , 1979Summerhayes, 1981).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In general, δ 13 C for marine plants ranges from -8% to -17%, whereas for land plants it ranges from -22% to -29% (Craig, 1953;Clayton and Degens, 1959;Keith et al, 1964;Sackett, 1964;Keith and Parker, 1965;Degens, 1969). All available analyses indicate that the average composition of land and marine plants differs by 8% 0 , with marine plants less enriched in 12 C, although some exceptions occur in high-latitude areas (Sackett et al, 1965). Similarly, the carbon of nonmarine petroleum is also considerably lower in 13 C than is that of petroleum of marine origin (Degens, 1969).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Carbon Isotopic Composition in Cretaceous Sediments, Angola Basin, Southeastern Atlantic, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530

Nohara¹,

Ishizuka²,

Gieskes³

1984

Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project

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Cretaceous sediments from DSDP Site 530 have been analyzed for organic carbon isotopic composition. The δ 13 C values in the sediments decrease from -22.7% 0 to -27.5% 0 in the following order: light-olive green mudstone/claystone, dark brown-red mudstone/siltstone/claystone, and black shale. This large range is primarily the result of variation in the relative amounts of terrestrial organic carbon superimposed on that derived from marine organisms.The black shales have an average δ 13 C value of -25.9% (range is from -23.7% to -27.5% O ). These values indicate that they originated primarily in terrigenous organic materials.The average δ 13 C value present throughout the Cretaceous suggests that a large amount of terrestrial organic matter was supplied into this paleoenvironment, except during the Campanian, when an average δ 13 C of -23.9% 0 is found near the marine end of the range.

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Temperature Dependence of Carbon Isotope Composition in Marine Plankton and Sediments

Cited by 309 publications

References 3 publications

Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Compositions of Organic Matter from Sites 724 and 725, Oman Margin

Stable Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Compositions of Organic Matter from Sites 724 and 725, Oman Margin

Molecular, Radioactive and Stable Carbon Isotope Characterization of Estuarine Particulate Organic Matter

Organic Carbon Isotopic Composition in Cretaceous Sediments, Angola Basin, Southeastern Atlantic, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 530

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