Temperature Correction and Strut Loads in Central Artery Excavations

A new empirical approach to estimate temperature effects on strut loads in braced excavation

“…To compare the proposed approach with others, Eq. 13 ( Liang et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2009;Vesic, 1961) was used to relate Es and with kh, because the previous approaches (Chapman et al, 1972;Hashash et al, 2003;Boone and Crawford, 2000)…”

“…In last decades , many researchers and practitioners have documented a significant amount of cases in related to temperature effects on strut loads (Chapman et al, 1972;Twine and Roscoe, 1997;Kumagai et al, 1999;Richards et al, 1999;Boone and Crawford, 2000;Hashash et al, 2003;Osborne et al, 2007;Chambers et al, 2016). By analyzing monitoring datum offered by above literatures, the changes of thermal loads in struts vary from approximately 65kN to 19kN per 1 °C as to different retained soil and various types of retaining structures across almost the world.…”

“…To asset temperature effects on retaing structure, several numerical studies were conducted by Kumagai et al (1999), Boone and Crwaford (2000) and Hashash ( 2003). the findings show that numerical tool is accurate to estimate thermal loads in strut.…”

“…However, the equation does not take the effect of strut spacing into account. (ii) By considering the lateral deformation of large sections of the retaining wall analogous to elastic settlement of a rectangular foundation and then using the Boussinesq solution (Terzaghi et al, 1996), an empirical expression ( Chapman et al, 1972) was derived and later employed to estimate the thermal loads in several reported cases (Hashash et al, 2003;Boone and Crawford, 2000). (iii) Furthermore, Twine and Roscoe(1997) and Gaba et al (2003) suggested that temperature-induced loads can be estimated by the emprical expression, consisting of the degree of end restraint provided by the wall and the retainded soil and the thermal loads ocurred in strut with tow ends fixed.…”