Temperature‐controlled open‐top chambers for global change research

Norby, Richard J.; Edwards, Nelson T.; Riggs, Jeffery S.; Abner, C.H.; Wullschleger, Stan D.; Gunderson, Carla A.

doi:10.1046/j.1365-2486.1997.00072.x

Cited by 122 publications

(91 citation statements)

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“…Compared with other temperature-enhancing manipulations, OTCs are a useful tool for studying the plant responses to global warming under realistic field conditions, as they allow trees to be planted as seeds or seedlings in the ground without the potential artifact of a pot (Norby et al 1997). The open-top design, which is not sealed to the ground, also allows free air exchange and minimizes most undesirable ecological effects, including lower light levels, temperature extremes, unnatural precipitation, CO 2 concentrations, unnatural gas concentrations, and humidity problems (Hollister and Webber 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming effects on growth and physiology in the seedlings of the two conifers Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana under two contrasting light conditions

Yin

Liu

Lai

2007

Ecological Research

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The short-term effects of two levels of air temperature (ambient and warmed) and light (full light and ca. 10% of full light regimes) on the early growth and physiology of Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana seedlings was determined using open-top chambers (OTC). The OTC manipulation increased mean air temperature and soil surface temperature by 0.51°C and 0.34°C under the 60-year plantation, and 0.69°C and 0.41°C under the forest opening, respectively. Warming, with either full-light or low-light conditions, generally caused a significant increase in plant growth, biomass accumulation, and stimulated photosynthetic performance of P. asperata seedlings. However, the warming of A. faxoniana seedlings only significantly increased their growth under low-light conditions, possibly as a result of photoinhibition caused by full light, which may shield and/or impair the effects of warming manipulation, per se, on the growth and physiological performance of A. faxoniana seedlings. In response to warming, P. asperata seedlings allocated relatively more biomass to roots and A. faxoniana more to foliage under similar environments. This might provide A. faxoniana with an adaptive advantage when soil moisture was not limiting and an advantage to P. asperata if substantial moisture stress occurred. Warming markedly increased the efficiency of PSII in terms of the increase in F v /F m and photosynthetic pigment concentrations for the two conifer seedlings, but the effects of warming were generally more pronounced under low-light conditions than under full-light conditions. On balance, this study suggested that warming had a beneficial impact on the early growth and development of conifer seedlings, at least in the short term. Consequently, warming may lead to changes in forest regeneration dynamics and species composition for subalpine coniferous ecosystems under future climate change.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Warming effects on growth and physiology in the seedlings of the two conifers Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana under two contrasting light conditions

Yin

Liu

Lai

2007

Ecological Research

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“…Open-top chambers (OTC) and free-air carbon dioxide enrichment (FACE) are two types of common environmental control chambers used to mimic field conditions to study the impacts of climate change on crop growth (Long et al, 2006;Messerli et al, 2015;Norby et al, 1997). Numerous climate chambers would be required to mimic climate scenarios involving multiple climatic factors for a long-term experiment, which could add extra costs for building, operating and managing these chambers.…”

Section: Simulated Canola Yield Responses To Climate Change and Adaptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Canola Yield Responses to Climate Change and Adaptation in Canada

et al. 2018

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A projected future warmer climate implies signifi cant impacts on canola (Brassica napus L.) production in Canada. We aimed to use a modeling approach to simulate climate change impacts on canola yield in Canada and to evaluate potential adaptation measures. Th e CSM-CROPGRO-Canola model was used to simulate the responses of canola to the projected climate change at Brandon on the Prairies, and West Nipissing and Normandin in eastern Canada. Future climate scenarios for the near (2041-2070) and distant (2071-2100) future under two representative concentration pathways (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) were developed based on climate change simulations by a regional climate model CanRCM4. Seeding dates were estimated from air temperature, precipitation, and soil moisture to account for the potential of earlier seeding as an adaptation measure. Compared to the baseline climate, simulated seed yield reduction was 42, 21, and 24% in the near future and of 37, 27, and 23% in the distant future, under RCP4.5, respectively for Brandon, West Nipissing, and Normandin. A larger reduction was simulated under RCP8.5, especially in the distant future at Brandon and West Nipissing. Th e simulated seed yield reduction was associated with increases in heat and water stresses under rainfed conditions with current N fertilizer application rates. Coping with heat and water stresses is a big challenge for canola production in Canada under the projected climate change, especially on the Canadian Prairies.

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“…ca/itex/). Las OTC han sido ampliamente utilizadas en el estudio de las respuestas de las plantas al cambio climático en ecosistemas árticos, subárticos y de alta-montaña, incrementando la temperatura del aire entre 2 y 4°C (Henry & Molau 1997, Norby et al 1997, Aerts et al 2004, Ren et al 2010). Los otros 6 individuos se ubicaron en espacios abiertos (EA), a unos 2 m de la OTC más cercana y fueron utilizados como control.…”

Section: Materiales Y Métodosunclassified

Efecto del aumento de la temperatura en la fotosíntesis de una especie alto-andina en dos altitudes

2012

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RESUMENSe ha propuesto que los ambientes de alta montaña son especialmente vulnerables al calentamiento global. La interacción de variables como déficit hídrico y las condiciones de temperatura ambiental puede restringir el intercambio gaseoso en zonas de alta-montaña. Debido a las distintas limitaciones abióticas que se encuentran en un gradiente altitudinal, se propone que el aumento de la temperatura afectará positivamente la fotosíntesis de la planta alto-andina Phacelia secunda en elevadas altitudes y negativamente a las plantas de bajas altitudes. En el presente estudio se evaluó el efecto del aumento de la temperatura ambiental sobre el intercambio gaseoso de P. secunda en dos altitudes: 2900 m y 3600 m. En cada altitud se expusieron seis individuos de P. secunda a un sistema de calentamiento pasivo denominado "Open Top Chamber" (OTC) que aumenta la temperatura del aire en ca. 3ºC. Adicionalmente, en cada altitud se seleccionaron otros seis individuos en espacios abiertos para utilizarlos como control y que se encontraban a 2 m de la OTC más cercana. En cada individuo se midió el intercambio gaseoso y el potencial hídrico xilemático. La temperatura ambiental fue en promedio 3,5°C mayor dentro de las OTC en ambas altitudes. En contraste, el potencial hídrico del suelo y de las plantas se redujo un 28% al interior de las OTC, pero sólo a 2900 m. En esta altitud, las tasas de fotosíntesis al interior de las OTC se redujeron un 40,7%, mientras que a 3600 m las tasas aumentaron un 24,4%. Los efectos diferenciales en las tasas de fotosíntesis debido a la temperatura fueron acompañados con cambios en la conductancia estomática. Esto sugiere que los efectos del calentamiento global sobre la fotosíntesis de P. secunda son contrastantes entre ambas altitudes debido a los efectos secundarios que éste tiene sobre la disponibilidad hídrica en cada altitud. PALABRAS CLAVE:Phacelia secunda, calentamiento global, estrés por temperatura, sequía, conductancia estomática. ABSTRACTHigh-alpine environments have been proposed as particularly vulnerable to global warming. The interaction of variables such as water deficit and temperature conditions may restrict gas exchange in high-alpine areas. Due to different abiotic constraints that occur at different elevations in the Andes of central Chile we hypothesize that the temperature increases will positively affect the photosynthesis of the high-Andean plant Phacelia secunda at high elevation but it will be negatively affected by warming at lower elevations. In this study we evaluated the effect of increased environmental temperature on the gas exchange of P. secunda at two contrasting elevations: 2900 m and 3600 m a.s.l. At each elevation we exposed six individuals of P. secunda to a passive warming system with "Open Top Chamber" (OTC) that increased air temperature on ca. 3ºC. Other six individuals we selected in open areas and maintained as control on each elevation. At both elevations, on each selected individual (i.e. within and outside OTCs) we measured gas exchange and xyl...

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Temperature‐controlled open‐top chambers for global change research

Cited by 122 publications

References 0 publications

Warming effects on growth and physiology in the seedlings of the two conifers Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana under two contrasting light conditions

Warming effects on growth and physiology in the seedlings of the two conifers Picea asperata and Abies faxoniana under two contrasting light conditions

Simulated Canola Yield Responses to Climate Change and Adaptation in Canada

Efecto del aumento de la temperatura en la fotosíntesis de una especie alto-andina en dos altitudes

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