Temperature control via robust compensation of heat generation: Isoparaffin/olefin alkylation

Abstract

The temperature control of the heterogeneous alkylation, where H 2 SO 4 is used as catalyst, is discussed in this paper. The problem is to design a control function to stabilize temperature in face of uncertain kinetic model. The proposed controller, whose structure resembles a PI-controller, is based on energy balance. The resulting feedback controller is robust, leads to an acceptable performance, and computes the temperature of the coolant from the refrigeration section to the reactor. The effectiveness and robustness of the designed controller for computing the coolant temperature is tested by means of simulations in such a manner that we study the effects of: (i) load disturbances, (ii) model uncertainties and (iii) initial conditions for estimation values.

Acid Catalysts in Industrial Hydrocarbon Chemistry

“…Consequently, the rate of protonation reaction of hydrocarbons by Brønsted acids, which is rate determining, depends on the acid strength of the acid, measured as the H 0 Hammet function, on the concentration of the hydrocarbon in the acid phase, and on the extent of stirring. In the case of isobutane/butylene alkylation reaction, the solubility of the olefin in the acid is higher (2−4 times) than the solubility of isobutane …”

Improved Catalytic Lifetime of H2SO4 for Isobutane Alkylation with Trace Amount of Ionic Liquids Buffer

“…On the one hand, new technologies for the reaction zone, including the improvement and redesign of alkylation reactor to enhance liquid–liquid dispersion and stabilize reaction temperature, have been applied by the related engineers to further optimize the alkylation system . Moreover, feed-stream purifying, optimization of the varied operating conditions for different olefins, regulation of isoparaffin/olefin ratio, temperature, the feeding speed ratio of acid to hydrocarbon, and so on also have been studied intensively. − On the other hand, some additives have been found and industrialized to enhance the performance of sulfuric acid catalyst. Cities Service Oil Co. proposed dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid and p-phenylenediamine as additives. , N,N′,N″-tris­( n -alkyl) phosphoric triamide, , sulfoamide, and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid have been proposed as effective additives.…”

Assessing Industrial-Scale H2SO4-Catalyzed C4 Alkylation Enhanced by [N1,1,1,1][C10SO4] Additives Based on a Complex Kinetic Model

“…Over the past decades, a variety of strategies have been investigated to enhance the quality of alkylate and reduce acid consumption, including the redesign of the alkylation reactor, feed-stream purification, optimization of operating conditions tailored to different olefins, regulation of the iso-paraffin/olefin ratio, and reduction of reaction temperature. − These strategies aim to enhance liquid–liquid dispersion and reduce the reaction temperature, thereby obtaining a better quality of alkylate. However, the redesign of the alkylation reactor requires high costs and cannot be directly implemented in an existing operational process.…”