Temperature control modes in thermal analysis

Abstract

Now we can use several temperature control modes, for example, isothermal run including stepwise heating and cooling, constant rate heating (or cooling), temperature control for sample thermal history, sample-controlled thermal analysis (SCTA or controlled-rate thermal analysis, CRTA), temperature jump, rate jump, temperature modulation, and repeated temperature scanning. Their advantages and drawbacks are reviewed with some illustrative examples, especially for application to kinetic analysis. The combined use of these varieties of temperature control mode is recommended by showing examples. Temperature modulation and repeated temperature scanning are discussed in comparison with temperaturemodulated differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and common and analogous points are elucidated. In relation to this, the possibility of the imaginary part of the overall reaction rate constant in complex reactions is postulated. Finally, these modes are classified and tabulated from two viewpoints, and other possible modes are shown.

The effect of humidity on thermal decomposition of terephthalate polyester

“…On the other hand, the aspect of development in thermal analysis during the recent years is in diversification of temperature control modes [4]. Nowadays we can use several temperature control modes, such as sample-controlled thermal analysis (SCTA or controlled-rate thermal analysis, CRTA) [5,6], temperature jump [7] and rate jump [8], temperature modulation [9], and repeated temperature scanning [10].…”

Thermal Properties of Se<sub>100–x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub> Glassy System

“…However, the two types which are broadly applied isoconversion methods and the peak methods. In an investigation study of the accuracy of known iso-conversion methods, Starink [1] reported that the most accurate methods are Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) [9][10][11][12] method and the method developed by Author [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. All of the iso-conversion methods require the determination of the onset temperature T c at which a fixed fraction value α (where α = A'/A, It means that A'-Partial Area and A is the total Area in the exothermic peak) of the total amount is transformed.…”

“…The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) technique has so far been played to study the crystallization process in amorphous alloys and has proved to be the very effective method for such characterizing studies [1]. Recently, in thermal analysis studies several temperature control modes are used and a diversification is considered as an aspect of the development in thermal analysis [2]. The most com-monly used modes are either isothermal or heating at constant rate.…”

Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Aged Solid Propellant Based on Ammonium Perchlorate - AP/HTPB Binder

“…They were both derived from the basic kinetic equations for heterogeneous chemical reactions and therefore have a wide application, as it is not necessary to know the reaction order [19] or the conversional function to determine the kinetic parameters. The activation energy determined by applying these methods is the sum of activation energies of chemical reactions and physical processes in thermal decomposition and therefore it is called apparent.…”

“…(1) may be applied to the exothermic peak maximum temperature considering different heating rates [15,19]. Thus carrying out several experiments at different heating rates a plot of log ß vs 1/Tp may be done and the activation energy can be estimated directly from the slope of the curve using the following equation derived [14] from the eq.…”