Temperature calibration procedure for thin film substrates for thermo-ellipsometric analysis using melting point standards

Kappert, Emiel J.; Raaijmakers, Michiel J.T.; Ogieglo, Wojciech; Nijmeijer, Arian; Huiskes, Cindy; Benes, Nieck E.

doi:10.1016/j.tca.2014.12.017

Cited by 12 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…The excess free volume (EFV) and glass transition temperature (T g ) were measured using temperature-dependent spectroscopic ellipsometry analysis (TEA) on an M2000-X ellipsometer (J.A. Woollam Co.) equipped with a temperature-controlled hot-stage (HCS622, INSTEC), the temperature was calibrated using melting point standards [60]. The spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements were conducted in the full wavelength range of 370-1000 nm.…”

Section: Layer Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of 9 polymers commonly employed for solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes: A comprehensive dataset

Kappert

Raaijmakers

Tempelman

et al. 2019

Journal of Membrane Science

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116

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The presence of a solvent in a dense polymeric nanofiltration membrane layer can affect the macromolecular dynamics of the polymer material and the mobility of the solvent penetrant molecules. In addition, even the affinity of the swollen material for the solvent molecules can be distinct from that of the pure polymer material. These effects can substantially affect the membrane's performance. This paper provides sorption and swelling data of 9 thin polymer films that are commonly used for organic solvent nanofiltration (P84, Matrimid, PEI, PAN, PES, PSf, PEBAX, PTMSP, PDMS) swollen by 10 common solvents (hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, acetone, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, water). The paper describes the swelling dynamics during short-term solvent exposure (0-8 h), assesses the stability upon long-term solvent exposure (up to 2 months), and provides quantitative data on the solvent volume fractions inside the swollen layers. Among the surprising findings are the glubbery behavior of PTMSP and the completely different response of PES and PSf to toluene exposure. The results of this work demonstrate three crucial findings relevant to organic solvent nanofiltration membranes and other applications: 1. For many polymers, the swelling changes over long timescales of up to 2 months and longer. Results obtained on short timescales do however not always allow for direct extrapolation to longer time scales. 2. Structural similarity of polymers does not guarantee similar swelling behavior. 3. Swelling behavior of solvents cannot be solely explained by classifying solvents into aprotic, polar aprotic and polar protic solvents. The results of this work can aid in constructing transport models and can help predicting polymer-solvent compatibility and membrane performance in OSN applications.

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Section: Layer Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of 9 polymers commonly employed for solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes: A comprehensive dataset

Kappert

Raaijmakers

Tempelman

et al. 2019

Journal of Membrane Science

Self Cite

116

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“…Temperature calibration was performed using melting point standards. [23] Measurements were performed at a 708 angle of incidence. During experiments, the hot stage was continuously purged with nitrogen.…”

Section: Ellipsometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Stability of Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Films: on the Role of Protodesulfonation

Koziara

Kappert

Ogieglo

et al. 2015

Macromol. Mater. Eng.

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Thin film and bulk, sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone) (SPEEK) have been subjected to a thermal treatment at 160–250 °C for up to 15 h. Exposing the films to 160 °C already causes partial desulfonation, and heating to temperatures exceeding 200 °C results in increased conjugation in the material, most likely via a slight cross‐linking by H‐substitution. It is well‐known that the sulfonate proton plays a major role in the desulfonation reactions, and exchanging the protons with other cations can inhibit both protodesulfonation as well as electrophilic cross‐linking reactions of the sulfonate group with other chains. Yet, the implications of such ion‐exchange for the thermal processing of sulfonated polymer films has not been recognized. Our study demonstrates that the ion exchange stabilizes thin films and bulk SPEEK up to temperatures exceeding 200 °C, opening up ways for the thermal processing of SPEEK in the temperature range of 160–220 °C without adverse effects.

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“…During the experiments, the hot stage was continuously purged with ultrapure N 2 . Temperature calibration was done using melting standards …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High‐pressure sorption of carbon dioxide and methane in all‐aromatic poly(etherimide)‐based membranes

Ogieglo

Madzarevic

Raaijmakers

et al. 2016

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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The sorption of compressed carbon dioxide and methane in a series of all-aromatic poly(etherimide) (PEI) thin films is presented. The polymer films are derived from the reactions between an arylether diamine (P1) and four different dianhydrides [3,3 0 ,4,4 0 -oxydiphthalic dianhydride (ODPA), 3,3 0 ,4,4 0 biphenyltetra-carboxylic dianhydride (BPDA), 3,3 0 ,4,4 0benzo-phenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA)] that have been selected to systematically change the flexibility of the polymer backbone, the segmental mobility, and the nonequilibrium excess free volume (EFV) of the polymer. The EFV, gas sorption capacities, and sorption-and temperature-induced dynamic changes in film thickness and refractive index have been investigated by

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Temperature calibration procedure for thin film substrates for thermo-ellipsometric analysis using melting point standards

Cited by 12 publications

References 15 publications

Swelling of 9 polymers commonly employed for solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes: A comprehensive dataset

Swelling of 9 polymers commonly employed for solvent-resistant nanofiltration membranes: A comprehensive dataset

Thermal Stability of Sulfonated Poly(Ether Ether Ketone) Films: on the Role of Protodesulfonation

High‐pressure sorption of carbon dioxide and methane in all‐aromatic poly(etherimide)‐based membranes

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