Temperature-Aware Adaptive Control for Automotive Front-Lighting System

Abstract

Adaptive front-lighting systems (AFSs) have been widely adopted to automotive industries for providing higher driver's safety. As their light sources, multi-string light-emitting diodes (LED) arrays have been widely adopted because of their simpler driver controls. Recently, micro-structured AFSs (μAFSs) with a micro-LED (μLED) array are highly demanded for their controllability of individual LEDs. However, the integration of a μLED array and its high-power active-matrix driver are not available on the market. Moreover, a high-power driver causes not only a significant variation in driving current, but also a higher power density requiring over-temperature protection (OTP). In this paper, the average current through each μLED is adaptively controlled with pulse width modulation (PWM) in conjunction with an additional PWM control for temperature calibration. Experimental results with a 16 × 16 μLED array placed on top of the proposed driver show that a 5-bit PWM signal controls the average current through each μLED cell up to 11 mA. The maximum current error of 4.11% at 100 °C is reduced to 0.23%. When OTP is enabled, the amount of average pixel current reduction depends on the given temperature. The maximum power efficiency of the proposed μAFSs driver is as high as 92.3%.

A review of automotive intelligent and adaptive headlight beams intensity control approaches

“…31,83,84 In 2022 out of the ten (10) sampled authors who conducted a study into the design of intelligent headlights, seven (7) authors representing 70% adopted the machine-learning-based headlight beam intensity control approach, 75,83,[85][86][87][88] , two (2) authors representing 20% utilized the sensor-based headlight beam intensity control approach, 40 and the remaining one (1) author representing 10% used the pulse width modulation approach for the design of the intelligent headlight. 89 Figure 4 illustrates that the predominant approaches for controlling intelligent headlight beams are machinelearning-based and sensor-based intensity control methods. According to the data presented in Figure 4, out of the 44 authors who contributed to the field of intelligent headlight beam intensity control between 2018 and 2022, 22 authors (50%) employed sensorbased control for designing vehicle intelligent headlights.…”

“…31,83,84 In 2022 out of the ten (10) sampled authors who conducted a study into the design of intelligent headlights, seven (7) authors representing 70% adopted the machine-learning-based headlight beam intensity control approach, 75,83,85–88 , two (2) authors representing 20% utilized the sensor-based headlight beam intensity control approach, 40 and the remaining one (1) author representing 10% used the pulse width modulation approach for the design of the intelligent headlight. 89…”

Design and Application of Led Driver Based on Isolated DC-DC Cuk Converter by Comparing Power Led Models

“…[17] proposes hybrid resonant converter for as a LED driver. [18] realizes adaptive control system considering thermal calibration, [19] designs robust PI controller. [20] investigates thermal degradation of solder interconnection of power LED, [21] examines thermal performance of power LED by experimentally.…”