Temperature and the Production of Spermatozoa

Glover, T. D.; Young, Donald G.

doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)34929-9

Cited by 25 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…There are multiple examples in nature where sporogenesis is associated with relatively cold temperatures. In mammals, the production of spermatozoa occurs at temperatures colder than the abdominal viscera [30]. In fungi, the frequency of S. cerevisiae sporulation and tetrad formation is higher at 22 than at 30 °C [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi are colder than their surroundings

Cordero

Mattoon

Casadevall

2020

Preprint

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Fungi play essential roles in global ecology and economy, but their thermal biology is widely unknown. Infrared imaging revealed that mushrooms, yeasts, and molds each maintained colder temperatures than their surroundings. Fungal specimens are to be ~2.5 °C colder than the surrounding temperature. Time-lapse infrared images of Pleurotus ostreatus revealed hypothermia throughout mushroom growth and after detachment from mycelium. The hymenium was coldest, and different areas of the mushroom exhibit distinct thermal changes during heating and cooling. The fruiting area in the mycelium remained relatively cold following mushroom detachment. Analyses of Agaricus bisporus mushroom pilei confirmed that the mechanism for mushroom hypothermia depends on evaporative cooling. We also assessed evaporative cooling in biofilms of Cryptococcus neoformans, and Penicillium spp. molds based on the accumulation of condensed water droplets on the lids over biofilms grown on agar media plates. Biofilms of C. neoformans acapsular mutant showed more transpiration and were colder than wildtype. Penicillium biofilms appear to transpire ten times more than the supporting agar. We used the evaporative cooling capacity of mushrooms to construct a mushroom-based air-cooling system (MycoCooler™) capable of passively reducing the temperature of a closed compartment by approximately 10 °C in 25 minutes. This study suggests that hypothermia is a characteristic of the fungal kingdom. Since fungi make up ~2% of Earth biomass, their ability to dissipate heat may contribute significantly to planetary temperatures in local environments. These findings are relevant to the current global warming crisis and suggest that large-scale myco-cultures could help mitigate increasing planetary temperature.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fungi are colder than their surroundings

Cordero

Mattoon

Casadevall

2020

Preprint

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“…Birth rates are often found to be negatively correlated with temperature (e.g., Chang et al, 1963;Mills and Senior, 1930;Takahashi, 1964), especially when temperatures exceed about 21°C. This relationship may be due to a neuroendocrine mechanism (MacFarlane, 1977), to reduced sperm viability (Glover and Young, 1963), intrauterine mortality, or simply to discomfort and reduced coital frequency. Ambient temperatures in South Turkana are high (mean = 30"C, mean daytime high = 36"C), but vary little during the year.…”

Section: Ambient Temperaturementioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme seasonality of births among nomadic Turkana pastoralists

Leslie

Fry

1989

American J Phys Anthropol

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Births to nomadic Turkana women in northwest Kenya follow one of the most highly seasonal distributions ever reported for a human population, with more than half of all births falling between March and June. Important aspects of the Turkana environment also fluctuate greatly over the course of the year. The rate of conception is apparently highest during the early dry season, when the food supply has been at its best for some time, and when women are attaining their peak nutritional status. The seasonal dynamics of Turkana fertility seem to be driven, ultimately, by fluctuations in rainfall; Fourier analysis indicates that changes in numbers of conceptions follow changes in rainfall with a lag of 3.6 months. The specific biological and behavioral changes in the human population through which the environmental changes may affect fertility are considered.

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“…Thin head 17 [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] 18 [17][18][19] 23 [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] 29 [29][30][31][32][33]* 29 [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44] 41 [34][35][36][37][38][39]…”

Section: After the Heating Period (Phase Ii)unclassified

“…Bent or misaligned midpiece 17 [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] 14 [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] 22 [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] 21.5 [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28] 29 [25][26][27][28][29] 26 [26][27][28]…”

Section: After the Heating Period (Phase Ii)unclassified

Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages

Abdelhamid¹,

Walschaerts²,

Ahmad³

et al. 2019

Transl Androl Urol

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Background: A mild increase in testicular and epididymal temperatures in men, bulls and rams (pendulous scrotum) inhibits spermatogenesis and increases the percentage of sperm with an abnormal morphology.However, the stages of spermatogenesis that are most sensitive to a mild increase in testicular temperature in men are unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of a mild induced increase in testicular and epididymal temperature (i.e., testicular temperature maintained below the core body temperature) on sperm morphology in humans depending on the physiological time of spermatogenesis and epididymal transit.Methods: Five healthy volunteers were enrolled in an experimental study in which testicular and epididymal temperatures were increased by maintaining the testes in a supra-scrotal position with a specially designed underwear worn 15±1 h a day for 120 consecutive days. Semen collection was scheduled on specific days depending on spermatogenic stages and epididymal transit.Results: Sperm morphology and the multiple anomalies index (MAI) were analysed before, during and after heating. This mild induced increase in testicular and epididymal temperatures resulted in a significant rise in the percentage of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa on day 34 of heating, which remained elevated throughout the heating period and persisted until 45 days after cessation of heating. The MAI was significantly increased on day 20 throughout the heating period and persisted 45 days after cessation of heating. An increase in the percentage of anomalies in the sperm head, acrosome or tail occurred on days 34 and/or 45 of heating. Abnormal sperm morphology and MAI reverted to control values 73 days after cessation of heating.Conclusions: A mild sustained increase in testicular and epididymal temperature in man leads morphological abnormalities in spermatozoa mainly due to an impairment of spermiogenesis and meiosis.

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Temperature and the Production of Spermatozoa

Cited by 25 publications

References 35 publications

Fungi are colder than their surroundings

Fungi are colder than their surroundings

Extreme seasonality of births among nomadic Turkana pastoralists

Mild experimental increase in testis and epididymis temperature in men: effects on sperm morphology according to spermatogenesis stages

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