Temperature and source material influence ecological attributes of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir charcoal

Gundale, Michael J.; DeLuca, Thomas H.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2006.05.004

Cited by 249 publications

(145 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The remaining carbonaceous materials contain many poly-aromatic (cyclic) hydrocarbons, some of which may contain functional groups with oxygen or hydrogen (Schmidt and Noack 2000;Preston and Schmidt 2006). Depending on the temperatures reached during combustion and the species identity of the source material, a biochar's chemical and physical properties may vary (Keech et al 2005;Gundale and DeLuca 2006). For example, coniferous biochars generated at lower temperatures, e.g.…”

Section: Biochar Definition and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Tryon (1948), Matsubara et al (2002), DeLuca et al (2006), and Gundale and DeLuca (2006) demonstrated that biochar additions can change soil nutrient availability by affecting soil physico-chemical properties. Increases in soil nutrient availability may result in enhanced host plant performance and elevated tissue nutrient concentrations in addition to higher colonization rates of the host plant roots by AMF (Ishii and Kadoya 1994).…”

Section: Evidence For Biochar Effects On Mycorrhizal Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochar addition can result in elevated quantities of bio-available nutrients such as N, P and metal ions, in the affected soils (Tryon 1948;Lehmann et al 2003;Gundale and DeLuca 2006;DeLuca et al 2006), but has also been shown to lead to decreases particularly of N availability (Lehmann et al 2003). These changes in soil nutrient availabilities, may be explained by some of the following observations.…”

Section: Mechanism 1: Biochar Changes Soil Nutrient Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increases in soil pH towards neutral values (Lucas and Davis 1961), in addition to increased CEC (Glaser et al 2002), may result in increases in bio-available P and base cations in biochar influenced soils. Additionally, Lehmann et al (2003), Topoliantz et al (2005), Gundale and DeLuca (2006) and Yamato et al (2006) showed that biochar itself contained small amounts of nutrients that would be available to both soil biota (including mycorrhizal fungi) and plant roots. Lastly, DeLuca et al (2006) showed that biochar from forest wildfire stimulated gross and net nitrification rates, most likely mediated by biochar adsorbing inhibitory phenols.…”

Section: Mechanism 1: Biochar Changes Soil Nutrient Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another major factor in determining the degree to which biochar may serve as a refuge is the anatomical structure of the biological tissues pyrolyzed to yield the biochar. Considering the effects that cell diameter alone can have on the sorptive capability of a given biochar material (Keech et al 2005;Gundale and DeLuca 2006), it stands to reason that the cell types contained within the original plant tissues (e.g., tracheids, vessel elements or sieve cells) determine the pore sizes of the biochar. Not only the charring conditions and source material, but also subsequent interactions of biochar with soil can change porosity and pore sizes.…”

Section: Mechanism 4: Biochar Serves As a Refuge For Colonizing Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil – concepts and mechanisms

et al. 2007

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Experiments suggest that biomass-derived black carbon (biochar) affects microbial populations and soil biogeochemistry. Both biochar and mycorrhizal associations, ubiquitous symbioses in terrestrial ecosystems, are potentially important in various ecosystem services provided by soils, contributing to sustainable plant production, ecosystem restoration, and soil carbon sequestration and hence mitigation of global climate change. As both biochar and mycorrhizal associations are subject to management, understanding and exploiting interactions between them could be advantageous. Here we focus on biochar effects on mycorrhizal associations. After reviewing the experimental evidence for such effects, we critically examine hypotheses pertaining to four mechanisms by which biochar could influence mycorrhizal abundance and/or functioning. These mechanisms are (in decreasing order of currently available evidence supporting them): (a) alteration of soil physico-chemical properties; (b) indirect effects on mycorrhizae through effects on other soil microbes; (c) plant-fungus signaling interference and detoxification of allelochemicals on biochar; and (d) provision of refugia from fungal grazers. We provide a roadmap for research aimed at testing these mechanistic hypotheses.

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Section: Biochar Definition and Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evidence For Biochar Effects On Mycorrhizal Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism 1: Biochar Changes Soil Nutrient Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism 1: Biochar Changes Soil Nutrient Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism 4: Biochar Serves As a Refuge For Colonizing Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil – concepts and mechanisms

et al. 2007

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Forest restoration treatments have subtle long‐term effects on soil C and N cycling in mixed conifer forests

Ganzlin

Gundale

Becknell

et al. 2016

Ecological Applications

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Decades of fire suppression following extensive timber harvesting have left much of the forest in the intermountain western United States exceedingly dense, and forest restoration techniques (i.e., thinning and prescribed fire) are increasingly being used in an attempt to mitigate the effects of severe wildfire, to enhance tree growth and regeneration, and to stimulate soil nutrient cycling. While many of the short-term effects of forest restoration have been established, the long-term effects on soil biogeochemical and ecosystem processes are largely unknown. We assessed the effects of commonly used forest restoration treatments (thinning, burning, and thinning + burning) on nutrient cycling and other ecosystem processes 11 yr after restoration treatments were implemented in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa var. scopulorum)/Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca) forest at the Lubrecht Fire and Fire Surrogates Study (FFS) site in western Montana, USA. Despite short-term (<3 yr) increases in soil inorganic nitrogen (N) pools and N cycling rates following prescribed fire, long-term soil N pools and N mineralization rates showed only subtle differences from untreated control plots. Similarly, despite a persistent positive correlation between fuels consumed in prescribed burns and several metrics of N cycling, variability in inorganic N pools decreased significantly since treatments were implemented, indicating a decline in N spatial heterogeneity through time. However, rates of net nitrification remain significantly higher in a thin + burn treatment relative to other treatments. Short-term declines in forest floor carbon (C) pools have persisted in the thin + burn treatment, but there were no significant long-term differences among treatments in extractable soil phosphorus (P). Finally, despite some short-term differences, long-term foliar nutrient concentrations, litter decomposition rates, and rates of free-living N fixation in the experimental plots were not different from control plots, suggesting nutrient cycles and ecosystem processes in temperate coniferous forests are resilient to disturbance following long periods of fire suppression. Overall, this study provides forest managers and policymakers valuable information showing that the effects of these commonly used restoration prescriptions on soil nutrient cycling are ephemeral and that use of repeated treatments (i.e., frequent fire) will be necessary to ensure continued restoration success.

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Biochar and Carbon Sequestration

Mašek¹

2013

Fire Phenomena and the Earth System

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Temperature and source material influence ecological attributes of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir charcoal

Cited by 249 publications

References 35 publications

Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil – concepts and mechanisms

Mycorrhizal responses to biochar in soil – concepts and mechanisms

Forest restoration treatments have subtle long‐term effects on soil C and N cycling in mixed conifer forests

Biochar and Carbon Sequestration

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